OPR-P133-RA-12Chirikof Island and VicinityChirikof Island and VicinityNOAA Ship RAINIERH124538Offshore West Chirikof IslandAlaskaUnited States400002012Commander Richard T. BrennanBasic Hydrographic Survey2012-05-152012-06-232012-07-13Multibeam Echo SoundermetersMean Lower Low WatermetersMean Lower Low WaterUniversal Transverse Mercator (UTM)UTCPacific Hydrographic BranchThe purpose of this survey is to provide contemporary surveys to update National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charts. All separates are filed with the hydrographic data. Revisions and Rednotes were generated during office processing. The processing branch concurs with all information and recommendations in the DR unless otherwise noted. Page numbering may be interrupted or non-sequential. All pertinent records for this survey, including the Descriptive Report, are archived at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and can be retrieved via http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/.H12453 "Offshore West Chirikof Island" (Figure 1) covers an 11 by 8 nautical mile area west and southwest of Chirikof Island. The area is 2.5 nm west of Round Rock. It is located roughly between the Three Nautical Mile line and the Territorial Sea boundary. Charted soundings range from 40 fathoms to 124 fathoms.55.8963333333155.83633333355.6783333333156.1283333331Sheet H12453 survey limits.SupportFiles\Figure_A_1_survey_limits.pngThis project is being conducted in support of NOAA's Office of Coast Survey to provide contemporary hydrographic data in order to update the nautical charting products and reduce the survey backlog within the area. The need for nautical chart updates is due to an increasing number of passenger vessels, tour vessels and large fishing fleets in the area. In addition, the data would be used to create DTM maps in support of the efficiencies in longline and pot fisheries, while minimizing habitat disruption. This project will cover approximately 390 SNM of which 372 SNM are critical survey areas and 18 SNM are Priority One survey areas as designated in the NOAA Hydrographic Survey Priorities, 2011 edition.The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data.Data acquired on survey H12453 met complete multibeam coverage requirements, including the 5 soundings per node data density requirement outlined in section 5.2.2.2 of the HSSD (Figure 2). In order to extract some descriptive statistics of the data density achievements, the density layer of each finalized surface was queried within CARIS and then exported to MS Excel. Density failures occurred at the edges of acquisition and between a few lines on the east side of the survey (Figure 3). These areas were inspected in CARIS HIPS and SIPS Subset Editor, and it was determined that the surface honored the sea floor. A data density threshold of five soundings or greater per node was achieved in 99.9% of the nodes (Figure 4) meeting data density requirements. 2H12453 data density. Areas in green meet the threshold of 5 soundings per node; red areas have a data density less then 5 soundings per node. SupportFiles\Figure_A_3_density.png3Examples of data density failures between lines. Areas in green meet the threshold of 5 soundings per node; red areas have a data density less then 5 soundings per node.SupportFiles\Figure_A_3_density_example.png4Summary table showing the percentage of nodes satisfying the 5 sounding density requirements, sub-divided by the appropriate depth ranges. Note: the final row has a unit of square meters, and sums the number of different resolution nodes into a common unit of area.SupportFiles\Figure_A_3_density_statistics.pngSurvey Limits were acquired in accordance with the requirements in the Project Instructions and the HSSD.5H12453 survey coverage.SupportFiles\Figure_A_3_survey_coverage.pngComplete multibeam echosounder (MBES) coverage was achieved (Figure 5), except for two coverage gaps in the southwest corner (Figure 6), and one created when applying SBETS (Figure 7). In the southwest corner, one coverage gap spans 1000m x 60m. The other coverage gap is at the southwest corner of the survey limits and is approximately 60m from the survey edge. The surrounding area is about 250 meters deep, flat, featureless, and navigationally insignificant. The general bathymetry can be interpolated from the surrounding soundings. Fairweather's H11687 survey covers most of the southwest coverage gap. A coverage gap was created when the POS file was ended 31 seconds early for line 0029_20120627_233752_Rainier. The line ended at 23:37:51 and the SBETS line ended at 23:37:18. When SBET was applied to improve horizontal accuracy, the line was truncated, creating a 180m x 110 m coverage gap. The line was inspected before SBETS was applied and no navigationally significant features lie within this coverage gap. Survey H12447 completely covers this gap.6H12453 southwest coverage gaps. H11687 covers some of the gap.SupportFiles\Figure_A_4_coverage_gaps.png7H12453 SBET coverage gap. H12447 covers the gap.SupportFiles\Figure_A_4_sbet_gap.pngData is adequite for charting.2012-06-232012-06-242012-06-252012-06-262012-06-272012-06-282012-07-1300085.952802 (RA-5)0500000002804 (RA-6)0000000410S221041300000000418000004109.8There was no shoreline assigned for this sheet.No bottom samples were collected for this sheet due to time constraints and weather. Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections.2802 (RA-5)283.52804 (RA-6)283.5S22123116.5Data were acquired by NOAA Ship Rainier (S221) and two of her survey launches (2802 and 2804) The vessels acquired shallow water multibeam (SWMB) soundings, and sound velocity profiles.KongsbergEM-710MBESReson7125MBESApplanixPOS-MV V4Vessel Attitude System and Positioning SystemSeabirdSBE 19 PlusConductivity, Temperature and Depth SensorRolls Royce Odim Brooke Ocean TechnologyMVP 200Conductivity, Temperature and Depth SensorResonSVP 70Sound Speed SystemResonSVP 71Sound Speed SystemMultibeam crosslines acquired by 2804 (RA-6) were compared to the mainscheme data acquired by S221 and 2802 (RA-5). The crosslines covered 41 nautical miles, comprising of 9.8% of the 418 nautical miles of mainscheme lines. The crossline data was filtered to 55 degrees to clean out some of the outer beam noise. Separate 4-meter resolution CUBE surfaces were created for the mainscheme and crossline data. A difference surface was created, subtracting crossline surface from the mainscheme surface (Figures 8 through 10). Statistics were derived from the difference surface and are shown in Figure 11. The soundings were examined in CARIS Subset Editor for consistency and agreement. The mainscheme and crossline difference averaged -0.06 meters (mainscheme being shoaler), with a standard deviation of 0.57 meters. H12453 survey depth range is 65 to 260 meters. Visual inspection showed the crosslines to be in agreement within 0.1 to 0.25 meters. Two artifacts are apparent in the difference surface. Sound velocity artifacts show a trend of deepening or shoaling parallel to the mainscheme lines (Figure 12). The Kongsberg EM710 data artifact is also apparent, which manifests as banding perpendicular to the mainscheme lines (Figure 13). Refer to section B.2.5.1 Kongsberg EM710 Data Artifact for more details.8H12453 crossline comparison showing the difference in meters between the mainscheme and crossline soundings for the 4-meter surface.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_XLN_map_4m.png9H12453 crossline comparison for the northeast corner showing the difference in meters between the mainscheme and crossline soundings for the 4-meter surface.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_XLN_Map_4m_NE.png10H12453 crossline comparison for the southwest corner showing the difference in meters between the mainscheme and crossline soundings for the 4-meter surface.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_XLN_Map_4m_SW.png11Histogram of 4-meter resolution difference surface between mainscheme and crosslines. The average difference was -0.06 meters, and the standard deviation was 0.57 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_crossline_statistic_4m.png12Sound velocity artifact affecting the difference surface parallel to the main scheme lines.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_XLN_Xsec_SV.png13The yellow and red banding, seen perpendicular to the main scheme lines, is indicative of the heave-like artifact seen in Rainier's EM710 data in rough sea states (See section B.5.2.1).SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.1_XLN_Xsec_Kong.png00.142802 (RA-5)30.152804 (RA-6)30.15S22130.05Uncertainty values of submitted, finalized grids are calculated in CARIS HIPS and SIPS using the "Greater of the Two" of Total Propagated Uncertainty and standard deviation (scaled to 95%). To visualize the locations in which accuracy requirements were met for each finalized surface, a custom "IHO" layer was created, based on the difference between calculated uncertainty of the nodes and the allowable IHO uncertainty (Figure 14 and 15). To quantify the extent to which accuracy requirements were met, CARIS QC Surface Reports were run for each IHO layer (Figure 16). Statistics were also computed for each IHO layer and exported to MS Excel. The Excel results matched the CARIS QC Surface Report. Some IHO failures occurred in the outer beams, however, 99% of the data passed IHO standards. H12453 met the the accuracy requirements stated in the HSSDM.14H12453 met IHO accuracy standards for 99% of the data. Green passed the IHO threshold. Yellow failed the threshold by less then 0.1 meters. Red failed the threshold by greater than 0.1 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.2_IHO_map.png15H12453 IHO accuracy was not met in the outer beams in 1% of the data. Green passed the IHO threshold. Yellow failed the threshold by less then 0.1 meters. Red failed the threshold by greater than 0.1 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.2_IHO_map_zoom.png16Summary table showing the percentage of nodes satisfying the indicated IHO accuracy level, sub-divided by the appropriate depth ranges. 99% of the data passed IHO accuracy requirements.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.2_IHO_stat.pngJunction comparisons were completed for surveys H12447, H12448, H12452, and H11687 (Figure 17). Surveys H12447, H12448, H12452 were surveyed concurrently with survey H12453. Survey H11687 was completed by NOAA ship Fairweather in 2006. Depth comparisons were performed using the CARIS Difference Surface at the finest resolution for the depth range. Statistics were computed in CARIS HIPS and SIPS, then exported to MS Excel for analysis. For the surveys acquired this year, multibeam was examined in CARIS Subset Editor for consistency and agreement.H116871350002006NOAA Ship FAIRWEATHERSWOverlap between survey H12453 and H11687 averaged 400 meters (Figure 18). Average difference in depth is 0.19 meters (H12453 being deeper), with a standard deviation of 0.95 meters (Figure 19). The bimodal distribution reflects the different characteristics of the north-south line verses the east-west line depths for the junction range from 160 to 250 meters. Survey H11687’s data is slightly shoaler on average. Surveys H12453 and H11687 are not significantly different based on IHO standards.17H12453 junctions.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.1_junctions.png18Difference surface of the junction of sheet H12453 and H11687 in meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H11687_JNX_Map.png19Difference surface statistics between junction of H12453 and H11687. Depths average a difference of 0.19 meters, with a standard deviation of 0.95 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H11687_JNXStat.pngH12447400002012NOAA Ship RAINIEREOverlap between survey H12453 and H12447 averaged 150 meters (Figures 20 and 22). Inspection of the soundings in CARIS Subset Editor showed strong agreement between the datasets (Figure 23). Average difference in depth is -0.16 meters (H12453 being shoaler), with a standard deviation of 0.38 meters (Figure 23). Depths for the junction range from 65 to 100 meters. H12447 is deeper in the southern half of the junction. Overall, surveys H12453 and H12447 are in agreement.20Difference surface of the junction of sheet H12453 and H12447 in meters. Northern half.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12447_JNX_Map_N.png21Difference surface of the junction of sheet H12453 and H12447 in meters. Southern half.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12447_JNX_Map_S.png22Example cross section of multibeam data between junction of H12453 and H12447.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12447_JNX_Xsec.png23Difference surface statistics between junction of H12453 and H12447. Depths average a difference of -0.16 meters, with a standard deviation of 0.38 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12447_JNXStat.pngH12448400002012NOAA Ship RAINIERSEOverlap between survey H12453 and H12448 averaged about 600 meters (Figure 24). Inspection of the soundings in CARIS Subset Editor showed strong agreement between the datasets (Figure 25). Average difference in depth is -0.09 meters (H12453 being shoaler), with a standard deviation of 0.27 meters (Figure 26). Depths for the junction range from 85 to 110 meters. Surveys H12453 and H12448 are in agreement.24Difference surface of the junction of sheet H12453 and H12448 in meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12448_JNX_Map.png25Example cross section of multibeam data between junction of H12453 and H12448.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12448_JNX_Xsec.png26Difference surface statistics between junction of H12453 and H12448. Depths average a difference of -0.09 meters, with a standard deviation of 0.27 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12448_JNXStat.pngH12452400002012NOAA Ship RAINIERNOverlap between survey H12453 and H12452 averaged 400 meters (Figure 27). Verified tides for H12452 were not available at the time of junction comparison. The junction comparison was made with observed tides applied to H12452. Inspection of the soundings in CARIS Subset Editor showed strong agreement between the datasets (Figure 28). Average difference in depth is -0.17 meters (H12453 being shoaler), with a standard deviation of 0.82 meters (Figure 29). Depths for the junction range from 65 to 165 meters. Overall, surveys H12453 and H12452 are in agreement.27Difference surface of the junction of sheet H12453 and H12452 in meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12452_JNX_Map.png28Example cross section of multibeam data between junction of H12453 and H12452.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12452_JNX_Xsec.png29Difference surface statistics between junction of H12453 and H12452. Depths average a difference of -0.17 meters, with a standard deviation of 0.82 meters.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.3.2_H12452_JNXStat.pngSonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR.Kongsberg EM710 Data ArtifactDuring the 2012 Hydrographic Survey Readiness Review, an artifact was identified in bathymetric data acquired with the Rainier's Kongsberg EM710. This heave-like artifact amplifies with vessel dynamics; in particular, as the magnitude of the ship's pitch and heave increases (e.g. in heavy weather), so too does the magnitude of the depth errors. Figure 30 shows an overhead view of two survey lines acquired in similar depths (~90 meters) on different days. On the left, data was acquired in a more dynamic regime (8 foot seas), while the right was acquired on a calmer day (4 foot seas) -- both lines are gridded at a 4-meter resolution with equivalent vertical exaggerations. The survey lines of Figure 30 are shown in CARIS Subset view in Figure 31. Figure 31 (top) demonstrates the characteristic undulation of the nadir pings of the ship's system, when in heavy seas. By way of contrast, Figure 31 (bottom), acquired in a less dynamic environment, is nearly free of the artifact. While not an absolute rule, every 1-degree of vessel pitch leads to about 0.1 meters of vertical bias. Representatives from Kongsberg, Applanix and CARIS have been contacted with regard to this problem, and ship's personnel are actively investigating a remedy to this issue; however, at the time of this writing, the artifact still persists. To mitigate problems associated with this artifact, ship's acquisition was only conducted in a sea state that was commensurate with minimizing vessel dynamics. It is in the opinion of the Hydrographer that all data acquired by the EM710 for this survey H12453 is adequate to supersede the chart.30Overhead view of two survey lines, acquired on different days, using the Rainier's Kongsberg EM710. Data acquired in heavier seas (left) displayed a characteristic undulation in the gridded sea floor, while calmer days (right) yielded a smoother representation of the bottom.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.6.1_Kongsberg_artifact1.png31Cross section view of data acquired using the Rainier's Kongsberg EM710, over a smooth sea floor, on both dynamic (top) and calm (bottom) sea states. Notice that with increased vessel dynamics, there is an increased artifact in the processed depths.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.6.1_Kongsberg_artifact2.pngConductivity Sensor Malfunction in Moving Vessel ProfilerEight of the one hundred and eleven sound speed casts collected by the ship were not applied to the data because of anomalous salinity profiles (Figure 32). In the eight erroneous casts, the MVP did not acquire the correct salinity, skewing the sound speed profile. Casts where the conductivity was less then historic ranges and significantly less than the subsequent casts were rejected (Figure 33 and 34).32Example of a rejected sound velocity profile (MVP_2012-06-26_081123).SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.6.4_SV_Reject.png33H12453 sound velocity profiles, used and rejected.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.6.2_SVC_Locations.png34Table of rejected sound velocity profiles.SupportFiles\Figure_B_2.6.2_SVC_Reject_Table.pngNone ExistThere were no other factors that affected corrections to soundings.Sound speed profiles were acquired on the ship using the Rolls Royce MVP 200 about every 15 minutes. Launch sound speed profiles were acquired using the SBE-19 plus CTDs at discrete locations at least once every 4 hours. Sound speed casts were concatenated by vessel and applied to the data using nearest in distance within 4 hours.All Equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR.All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR.The patch test for the Kongsberg EM710 was acquired on DN177 and was processed and entered into the SIS software on DN178 (See DAPR for additional information). Two lines from H12453 were acquired prior to the patch test. Patch test correction values, determined in CARIS, were entered into the HVF under DN176 to compensate for alignment biases not accounted for in SIS. The two line numbers that are affected by these values are : 0028_20120624_234531_Rainier and 0029_20120625_000643_Rainier from DN176.Patch Test2012-06-25Troubleshooting Kongsberg ArtifactBackscatter data was acquired, but was not formally processed by Rainier personnel. However, periodic spot checks were performed to ensure backscatter quality. Backscatter data will be sent to NGDC for archival.NOAA ProfileH12453_4mCUBE466289NOAA_4mComplete MBESH12453_8mCUBE866255NOAA_8mComplete MBESH12453_16mCUBE1666255NOAA_16mComplete MBESH12453_4m_Final_36to80CUBE43680NOAA_4mComplete MBESH12453_8m_Final_72to160CUBE872160NOAA_8mComplete MBESH12453_16m_Final_144to320CUBE16144320NOAA_16mComplete MBESH12453_16m_Combined.csar created during office processing was used for compilation.Additional information discussing the vertical or horizontal control for this survey can be found in the accompanying Horizontal and Vertical Control Report (HVCR).Mean Lower Low WaterDiscrete ZoningSand Point94594509459450.tidFinal ApprovedP133RA2012CORP.zdfFinal2012-07-132012-08-09Tide not appended.North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)To improve positional accuracy, all real time position and attitude data were acquired using POSView and were post processed using precise point positioning in POSPac MMS 5.4 (See DAPR for more details). The data on DN 195 was processed using a version of P1_C1 DCB without an ionospheric model. SBETs and RMS data were applied to all data according to the processes outlined in the DAPR.Kodiak (313 kHz)Kenai (310 kHz)Cold Bay (289 kHz)DGPS correctors were used for positioning in real time. The DGPS receiver on S221 was not functioning properly for part of this survey, and was providing corrector information intermittently. During these outages, S221 continued to acquire depth data, with the understanding that positional data would be overwritten with more accurate post-processed position information from POSPac. Post-processed positional data, i.e. POSpac SBETS, were applied to all ship data. No positional offsets were noted in any of the data on sheet H12453. 16587254113500022012-022012-07-172008-10-07Chart comparison procedures were followed as outlined in Section 4.5 of the FPM and Section 8.1.4 - D.1 of the HSSDM, using CARIS HIPS. Chart 16587 is the largest scale chart for this area, and the one used for comparison. Chart 16580 is a smaller scale chart and contains no additional soundings or contours when compared to chart 16587. The two ENC's are equivalent in scope and content to the raster charts. This area had few soundings to compare. Contours and soundings were created from survey H12453 data using CARIS HIPS and visually compared to chart 16587's 15 soundings (Figure 35 and 36). The surveyed soundings were found to be significantly shoaler than previously charted at the 100 fathom contour and at three of the soundings. Five soundings were found to be deeper than previously charted. None of the changes are dangerous to navigation. The Hydrographer recommends that the chart is updated with H12453 data, including shifting the 100 fathom contour offshore.35Northern comparison of charted (16587) soundings to those derived from H12453. All soundings are in fathoms. Chart soundings are larger in black. Survey soundings are smaller and in gray. Red circles mark where surveyed soundings are shoaler then charted. Blue circles mark where survey soundings are deeper then charted. Soundings that agreed are not highlighted.SupportFiles\Figure_D_1.1_chart_compare_16587_N.png36Southern comparison of charted (16587) soundings to those derived from H12453. All soundings are in fathoms. Chart soundings are larger in black. Survey soundings are smaller and in gray. Red circles mark where surveyed soundings are shoaler then charted. Blue circles mark where survey soundings are deeper then charted. Soundings that agreed are not highlighted.SupportFiles\Figure_D_1.1_chart_compare_16587_S.png165802546350000142008-012008-01-082008-01-19Chart 16580 (1:350000) is the smallest scale chart available that covers the entire project area. All of the soundings present in Chart 16580 were also in chart 16587. The comparison between survey H12453 and chart 16580 is equivalent to the preceding comparison with Chart 16587.US4AK5XM13500012011-01-312011-01-31falseENC US4AK5XM coincides with raster 16587. The depths and contours on the ENC match the raster, and the comparison between survey H12453 and the ENC is equivalent to the preceding comparison with Chart 16587.US3AK5KM350000142011-07-202012-07-05falseENC US3AK5KM coincides with raster 16580. The depths and contours on the ENC match the raster, and the comparison between survey H12453 and the ENC is equivalent to the preceding comparison with Chart 16580.No AWOIS items exist for this survey.No charted features exist for this survey.The very western edge of a charted foul with kelp area was not specifically addressed by survey H12453 but 100% multibeam coverage over the common area was achieved. The foul area was addressed by junction survey H12447 from the same project and found not to exist.No uncharted features exist for this survey.No Danger to Navigation Reports were submitted for this survey.No shoals or potentially hazardous features exist for this survey.No channels exist for this survey. There are no designated anchorages, precautionary areas, safety fairways, traffic separation schemes, pilot boarding areas, or channel and range lines within the survey limits.This sheet has no shoreline.No prior survey comparisons exist for this survey.Aids to navigation (ATONs) do not exist for this survey.Overhead features do not exist for this survey.Submarine features do not exist for this survey.No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey.No platforms exist for this survey.No significant features exist for this survey.There is no present or planned construction or dredging within the survey limits.No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area.No new insets are recommended for this area.As Chief of Party, Field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports.All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch.The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys and Specifications Deliverables Manual, Field Procedures Manual, Standing and Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report.Richard T. Brennan CDR/NOAACommanding Officer2012-09-03Olivia A. Hauser LT/NOAAField Operations Officer2012-09-03James JacobsonHydrographic Chief Survey Technician2012-09-03Starla Robinson-DeLoreySheet Manager2012-09-03Appendicies\IV - Tides And Water Levels\H12453_Tide_Note.pdfSupportFiles\H12453_2802_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_2804_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_S221_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_2802_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_2804_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_S221_Acquisition_Log.xlsmSupportFiles\H12453_2802.svpSupportFiles\H12453_2804.svpSupportFiles\H12453_S221_clean.svpSupportFiles\Final_OPR-P133-RA-12_Chirikof_Island_and_Vicinity_AK_Instructions.pdfSupportFiles\Final_OPR-P133-RA-12_Chirikof_Island_and_Vicinity_AK_Instructions.xmlSupportFiles\Project Layout_April_27_2012.pngSupportFiles\H12453_XL_Comparison.txtSupportFiles\H12453_SSS.txt