At the time of survey only the G"7" buoy was on station; all other private buoys were missing. SupportFiles\H13271_missing_buoys.pngENC US5HA22M shows nine private buoys maintained by the Hawaiian Department of Transportation, marking the channel to the Kahului boat ramp. At the time of survey only the G"7" buoy was on station and serving its intended purpose, all other private buoys were missing. These missing buoys were marked as "delete" in the FFF. No platforms exist for this survey.No submarine features exist for this survey.No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits.No overhead features exist for this survey.No new insets are recommended for this area.Limited shoreline verification was conducted in accordance with applicable sections of NOAA HSSD and FPM using the Project Reference File (PRF) and Composite Source File (CSF) provided with the Project Instructions. In the field, all assigned features that were safe to approach, were addressed as required with S-57 attribution and recorded in the H13271 Final Feature File to best represent the features at chart scale. This file also includes new features found in the field as well as recommendations to update, retain or delete assigned features.No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area.Area outside Kahului harbor's eastern breakwater with associated sand waves.SupportFiles\H13271_sandwaves.pngOutside Kahului harbor along the eastern breakwater H13271 MBES data revealed sandwaves. These sand waves were digitized into a sand wave area and added to the Final Feature File.Overview of H13271 holiday locations when processed to object detection standards. SupportFiles\H13271_holiday_overview.tifProcessing all H13271 data to Object detection standards as originally required by th project instructions revealed numerous data quality issues most important of which was an excessive amount of holidays in the finalized VR surface. Using Holiday Finder a total of 3285 certain holidays were detected, the majority of these holidays were located outside Kahului harbor in depths of 10 to 40 meters. Of these holidays six were located inside the harbor. A major factor contributing to the number of holidays in this survey was misinterpretation of the project instruction coverage requirements. During acquisition the shore party assumed that all areas outside harbors would be surveyed to complete coverage standards while areas inside harbors would be surveyed to object detection standards. As such, these holidays did not manifest themselves in Pydro Holiday Finder or in visual examination of variable-resolution surfaces prior to final data acquisition.H13271 Object Detection IssuesNo ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey.No shoals or potentially hazardous features exist for this survey.No bottom samples were required for this survey.There is a designated pilot boarding area inside the survey limits; it was not formally investigated but observed to be in use. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey.Section of ENC US5HA22M showing 20-fathom survey depth curve inshore of its charted position.SupportFiles\H13271_20ftm_contour.tifSection of ENC US5HA22M showing 10-fathom survey depth curve inshore of its charted position.SupportFiles\H13271_10ftm_contour.tifSection of ENC US5HA22M showing 5-fathom and 3-fathom survey depth curves inside Kahului harbor. SupportFiles\H13271_harbor_contours.tif300002017-08-02false2019-09-2317US5HA22MA comparison was made between H13271 derived survey contours and ENC US5HA22M with the following results: In Kahului bay the ENC’s depth curves are in general agreement with H13271 derived survey contours with a few exceptions. In the northern portion of the bay the 20-fathom survey contour showed general agreement with exception of one area which was found to be 700 meters inshore of its charted position. Likewise in the southern portion of the bay the 10-fathom survey contour showed general agreement with exception of one area which was found to be 450 meters inshore of its charted position. Inside Kahului harbor H13271 data revealed the ENC 5 and 3- fathom depth curve to be accurately charted. A comparison was made between H13271 survey data and Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) US5HA22M using CUBE finalized VR surfaces, selected soundings and contours created in Caris HIPS.No uncharted features exist for this survey.H13271 MBES data overlaid on Chart 19342 showing shoal reported in 2009SupportFiles\H13271_Shoal_PA.pngH13271 MBES data did not fully investigate the reported shoal however the area was visually observed to be shoaler than the surounding area. United StatesKahului Harbor15000H13271 HawaiiNOAAUTCmeters2019-06-26Benjamin K. Evans CAPT/NOAA Multibeam Echo SounderMultibeam Echo Sounder BackscatterPacific Hydrographic Branch2019-07-232019-08-082019Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 4N, MLLW. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit.Navigable AreaOPR-T383-RA-19Hawaiian Islands and VicinityHawaiian Islands and VicinityNOAA Ship Rainier (S221)Kahului Harbor serves as the primary commercial harbor of Maui and is heavily trafficked by container ships, tankers, barges, and tourism industry vessels. Despite the volume of maritime traffic, the vast majority of bathymetric data in the project area were acquired prior to 1984. This survey will provide contemporary data to update National Ocean Service Nautical (NOS) charting products as well as support the Seabed 2030 global mapping initiative.Pydro derived plots showing HSSD density compliance of H13271 finalized variable resolution MBES data.SupportFiles\H13271_Data_density_CC_OD.pngThe project instructions required all waters in H13271 to be surveyed to object detection standards. However, the data quality in areas outside of Kahului Harbor is not sufficient to support object detection grid requirements. These data quality issues are described in further detail in sections B.2.5 Equipment Effectiveness, B.2.6 Factors Affecting Soundings, and section D.2.10 H13271 Object Detection Issues. As such, H13271 is being submitted to complete coverage standards for areas outside of the harbor, and areas inside of the harbor are submitted to object detection standards. Pydro QC Tools was used to analyze H13271 multibeam echosounder (MBES) data under these two separate density requirements. The submitted H13271 variable-resolution(VR) surfaces met HSSD density requirements as shown in the histograms below. The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data.Overview of H13271 survey coverage. Areas in blue meet Complete Coverage requirements; areas in green meet Object Detection coverage requirements. SupportFiles\H13271_CC_OD_coverage.pngH13271 MBES coverage and assigned survey limits.SupportFiles\H13271_coverage.tifExamples of H13271 NALL determination; the black dashed line indicates assigned sheet limits and the yellow indicates where the 3.5-meter contour was reached.SupportFiles\H13271_NALL_determinnation.tifAs discussed in A.3 Survey Quality, and with approval from Pacific Hydro Branch( PHB), all waters inside of Kahului Harbor are being submitted as object detection coverage, and all other areas are submitted to complete coverage standards. Pydro Explorer QC Tool Holiday Finder was utilized to detect gaps in data (holidays) on the finalized Variable Resolution (VR) surfaces for submission. Three certain holidays were detected in the Complete Coverage Surface and 9 holidays were detected over in the Object Detection Surface. Close inspection of shoaling trends was made while reviewing these holidays and surrounding node depth appears to be consistent and honor least depth soundings. Holidays were not re-surveyed due to schedule constraints which prevented further MBES acquisition after the final day of field work. Multibeam echosounder (MBES) coverage was acquired to the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL) in most places. The Project Instructions defined the NALL as 3.5 meters for areas inside the harbor and at 10 meters for areas outside the harbor. Areas where survey coverage did not reach the NALL or the assigned sheet limits were due to reaching the extent of safe navigation. Object Detection Coverage (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.2)All waters in survey areaComplete Coverage (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.3)All waters inside harborH13271 assigned survey area (Chart 19342).SupportFiles\H13271_sheet_limit.pngThe survey area is referred to as H13271, " Kahului Harbor and Vicinity" (sheet 1) in the Project Instructions. The survey area is approximately 9.88 square nautical miles. 156.372520.8833333333156.49888888920.9441666667012.76239.215.33000000005.4475.89000002801004.88102.67000002803002.4460.650000028042019-07-232019-07-242019-07-252019-07-262019-07-272019-07-282019-07-292019-07-302019-07-312019-08-052019-08-08039.8800Data were acquired within H13271 assigned survey limits as required in the Project Instructions and HSSD unless otherwise noted in this report.Overview of H13271 backscatter mosaics.SupportFiles\H13271_backscatter.pngAll backscatter processing procedures utilized follow those detailed in the DAPR.All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR.All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR.8.828011.18.828031.18.828041.1POS MV 320 v5ApplanixPositioning and Attitude SystemEM 2040Kongsberg MaritimeMBESSBE 19plus V2Sea-Bird ScientificConductivity, Temperature, and Depth SensorSVP 70Teledyne RESONSound Speed SystemRefer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections.Post Processed-Real Time Extended (PP-RTX) processing methods were used in Applanix POSPac MMS 8.2.1 software to produce SBETs for post-processing horizontal correction.SBET Processing MethodVariable ResolutionNOAA_VRH13271_MB_VR_MLLW_CC68.22.2Complete MBESCARIS VR Surface (CUBE)Variable ResolutionNOAA_VRH13271_MB_VR_MLLW_CC_Final68.22.2Complete MBESCARIS VR Surface (CUBE)Variable ResolutionNOAA_VRH13271_MB_VR_MLLW_OD16.72.4Object DetectionCARIS VR Surface (CUBE)Variable ResolutionNOAA_VRH13271_MB_VR_MLLW_OD_Final16.72.4Object DetectionCARIS VR Surface (CUBE)The surfaces listed above are the surfaces delivered for review at the processing branch. The surfaces submitted to NCEI and the NBS follow the approved naming convention of H13271_MB_VR_MLLW_1of2 and H13271_MB_VR_MLLW_2of2 Submitted surfaces were generated using the recommended parameters for depth-based (Ranges) Caris variable-resolution bathymetric grids as specified in the 2019 HSSD. Pydro QC Tools Detect Fliers was used with default settings to find fliers in a finalized VR surfaces. Obvious noise was rejected by the hydrographer in Caris Subset Editor. After data cleaning, Detect Fliers was run again and found 30 certain fliers in the Complete Coverage surface and 3 certain fliers in the Object Detection surface. These were investigated and found to be false positives. The results of the Detect Fliers tool are included as a .000 files in the Separates section of this report.5_7Pydro derived plot showing TVU compliance of H13271 finalized multi-resolution MBES data.SupportFiles\H13271_Final_QAv5_CC_OD.pngTotal Propagated Uncertainty (TPU) values for survey H13271 were derived from a combination of fixed values for equipment and vessel characteristics, as well as from field assigned values for sound speed uncertainties. Tidal uncertainty was provided in the project instructions for the NOAA vertical datum transformation model used for this survey. In addition to the usual a priori estimates of uncertainty, some real-time and post-processed uncertainty sources were also incorporated into the depth estimates of this survey. Real-time uncertainties for position, navigation, attitude, and vessel motion data from Applanix POS MV were applied during acquisition and initially in postprocessing. However, the SBET and RMS files, which were generated using POSPac MMS software and applied in CARIS HIPS to supersede POS MV data, have post-processed uncertainties associated with the GPS height and position. Uncertainty values of the submitted finalized grids were calculated in Caris using "Greater of the Two" of uncertainty and standard deviation (scaled to 95%). Grid QA v5 within Pydro QC Tools was used to analyze H13271 TVU compliance. H13271 met HSSD requirements in over 99.5 percent of grid nodes, which is shown in the histogram plot below. ERS via ERTDM0.10.052801, 2803, 2804N/A3N/AAll equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR.H13271 Sonar sector gaps due to EM2040 "Yaw Stabilization" setting in use.SupportFiles\H13271_Yaw_stabilization.tifInspection of MBES acquisition data acquired by survey launches outside Kahului Harbor revealed excessive amounts of along track gaps (holidays) between the sonar sector. Previous consultation with Pacific Hydrographic Branch (PHB) and Hydrographic Systems and Technologies Branch (HSTB) indicated that this was a known issue with the Kongsberg EM2040 sonar "Yaw Stabilization" setting. Processing to Object Detection specifications likely exacerbated the prevalence of holidays due to the more demanding requirements as described in the 2019 HSSD section 5.2.2.2. Due to time constraints reacquiring data with the appropriate settings was not possible.Kongsberg EM2040 "Yaw Stabilization" settings for Object Detection SurveysH13271 Junctions with one contemporary survey conducted by NOAA Ship RAINIER. Comparisons were made using the Compare Grids program within Pydro Explorer.Overview of survey junction between H13271 and H13273.SupportFiles\H13271_junction_overview.tifPydro derived plot showing allowable error between H13271 and H13273.SupportFiles\H13273_MB_VR_MLLW_Final-H13271_MB_VR_MLLW_Final_fracAllowErr_Freq.pngPydro derived plot showing H13271 and H13273 comparison statistics.SupportFiles\H13273_MB_VR_MLLW_Final-H13271_MB_VR_MLLW_Final_depth_delta.pngThe junction with survey H13273 encompassed approximately 0.96 square nautical miles along the north east boundary of H13271 Pydro's Compare Grids results showed that 99.5+% of nodes in the common area met NOAA allowable uncertainty standards. Analysis of the difference surface indicated that H13273 is an average of 0.03 meters deeper than H13271 with a standard deviation of 0.15 meters. See below graphs for more information.5000NNOAA Ship RAINIER2019H13273Subset of H1271 showing blowouts caused by weather conditions. Blowouts are shown as gray rejected soundings.SupportFiles\H13271_blows.tifKahului Bay offered little protection from the predominate north east swell and wind. Weather conditions most days provided only a narrow time window between approximately 0500 to 1100 daily where usable data could be collected. Though the worst weather was avoided by adjusting the operation schedule, excessive noise from blowouts could not be entirely avoided and such data artifacts had to be manually cleaned from data. This data cleaning also probably contributed to the number of holidays present in the survey. Weather conditions during acquisitionSonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR.Thirty seven sound speed profiles were acquired for this survey at discrete locations within the survey area at least once every four hours, when significant changes in surface sound speed were observed, or when operating in a new area. Sound speed profiles were obtained using Sea-Bird 19plus SEACAT Profilers. All casts were concatenated into a master file and applied to MBES data using the "Nearest distance within time" (4 hours) profile selection method.H13271 sound speed cast locations.SupportFiles\H13271_cast locations.pngH13271 crossline surface overlaid on mainscheme tracklines.SupportFiles\H13271_crosslines.pngPydro derived plot showing percentage-pass value of H13271 mainscheme to crossline data.SupportFiles\H13271_MS_VR_MLLW_Final-H13271_XL_VR_MLLW_Final_depth_delta.pngPydro derived plot showing absolute difference statistics of H13271 mainscheme to crossline data.SupportFiles\H13271_MS_VR_MLLW_Final-H13271_XL_VR_MLLW_Final_fracAllowErr_Freq.pngRAINIER launches 2801, 2803, and 2804 acquired 12.76 nautical miles of multibeam crosslines across most depth ranges and multiple boat days. Analysis was performed using the Compare Grids function in Pydro Explorer on finalized VR surfaces of H13271 mainscheme only and crossline only data. 99.5 % of nodes met allowable uncertainties. For additional results, see plots below.As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports.All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch.The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report.2020-02-17Samuel F. Greenaway, CDR/NOAA Commanding Officer2020-02-17Hadley A. Owen, LT/NOAAField Operations Officer2020-02-17James B. JacobsonChief Survey Technician2020-02-17Audrey E. JerauldSenior Survey TechnicianRTXNorth American Datum 1983The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was used for real-time horizontal control during data acquisition.Projected UTM 4OPR-T383-RA-19_ERTDM_NAD83(2011)_MLLW_ext.csarERS via VDATUMMean Lower Low WaterAdditional information discussing the vertical or horizontal control for this survey can be found in the accompanying DAPR.