OPR-W386-TJ-22 Approaches to Cleveland, OH Lake Erie NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson (S222) H13608 2 Area designated as CRANES in PRF is deprioritized and should be completed as time allows. Complete coverage is required for CRANES area within this sheet. 6 NM Northeast of Cleveland Ohio United States 5000 2022 Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Navigable Area 2022-04-19 2022-08-08 2022-09-16 Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 17N, LWD-IGLD 1985. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Field Units) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced by NOAA and are in the public domain within the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). NOAA Survey H13608, located 6 nautical miles (nm) Northeast of Cleveland in Lake Erie, OH, was conducted in accordance with coverage requirements set forth in the Project Instructions (PI) OPR-W386-TJ-22. The survey area is approximately 31.8 square nautical miles (Figure 1). 41.66578611111111 81.71562777777778 41.52639166666667 81.53291388888888 Survey data were acquired in accordance with the requirements set forth by the PI and the 2022 Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD). A deprioritized S-57 CRANES area was provided within the survey limits set forth in the PI. Data were not collected in this area due to operational time constraints (Figure 2). Survey layout for H13608 overlaid on ENC US4OH01M. Black outline represents the survey limits set forth in the Project Instructions. SupportFiles\H13608_survey_layout_A1.png Deprioritized CRANES area in the southwest corner of H13608; sheet limits outlined in black. SupportFiles\DeprioritizedCranes_A1.png The Port of Cleveland is one of the largest ports on the Great Lakes and ranks within the top 50 ports in the United States. Roughly 13 million tons of cargo are transported through Cleveland Harbor each year supporting over 20,000 jobs and $3.5 billion in annual economic activity (1). This project will provide modern bathymetric data for the Cleveland area as well as the vicinity of South Bass Island and Presque Isle. The project area was identified as a statistically significant hot spot within the 2018 hydrographic health model, a risk model that Coast Survey uses for evaluating priorities based upon navigational risks and the necessary quality of data to support modern traffic. Most of this area has not been surveyed since the 1940s, and experiences significant vessel traffic. Conducting a modern bathymetric survey in this area will identify hazards and changes to the seafloor, provide critical data for updating National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charting products and improve maritime safety. Survey data from this project is intended to supersede all prior survey data in the common area. 1 https://www.portofcleveland.com/ The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. Data acquired in H13608 meet complete coverage requirements as specified by the 2022 HSSD with complete multibeam echo sounder (MBES) coverage (see Section 5.2.2.3, Option A). This includes crosslines (see Section 5.2.4.2), NOAA allowable uncertainty (see Section 5.1.3), and density requirements (see Section 5.2.2.3, Option A). All waters in survey area Complete Coverage (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.3) All waters in survey area Acquire backscatter data during all multibeam data acquisition (Refer to 2022 HSSD Section 6.2) Survey coverage is in accordance with requirements listed in the 2022 HSSD. Coverage requirements were met with 100% MBES coverage with contacts and features developed to complete coverage specifications. Coverage was acquired to the inshore limit of hydrography, the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL). Areas where survey coverage did not reach the 3.5 meter depth contour, nor the assigned sheet limits, were due to the survey vessel reaching the extent of safe navigation. These areas are characterized as being near shore and subject to dangerous wave action or other hazards. Additionally, the survey vessel did not acquire data in the deprioritized area provided in the PI (see Section A.1). One holiday, centrally located at 41°35'19.02"N/081°34'01.08"W, exists in the coverage achieved for H13608. This holiday marks the location of a detached breakwater that can be seen in Google satellite imagery (Figure 3). Holiday in coverage at 41°35'19.02"N/081°34'01.08"W. SupportFiles\Holiday (detached breakwater).png S222 0.0 799.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.6 0.0 2903 0.0 600.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.4 0.0 2904 0.0 369.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1769.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.0 0.0 4.3 12 0 0 0 31.8 2022-08-08 2022-08-09 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 2022-08-19 2022-08-20 2022-08-21 2022-08-22 2022-08-24 2022-08-27 2022-08-29 2022-09-01 2022-09-02 2022-09-03 2022-09-04 2022-09-05 2022-09-07 2022-09-08 2022-09-12 2022-09-13 2022-09-15 2022-09-16 MBES data acquisition started on 08/08/2022 and ended on 09/16/2022. Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections. S222 63.4 4.6 2903 8.5 1.2 2904 8.5 1.2 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson (S222) SupportFiles\S222.png Thomas Jefferson Launch 2903 SupportFiles\2903.png Thomas Jefferson Launch 2904 SupportFiles\2904.png MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 MBES Backscatter Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic MVP200 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic MVP-X Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor Sea-Bird Scientific SBE 19plus V2 Sound Speed System Valeport Thru-Hull SVS Sound Speed System Teledyne RESON SVP 70 Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 Vessel configurations, equipment operations, data acquisition, and processing were consistent with specifications described in the DAPR. Hydrographic survey vessels S222, 2903, and 2904 collected 76.0 linear nautical miles of crosslines, or 4.3% of mainscheme MBES data. The crosslines acquired represent good spatial and depth diversity for this survey area (Figure 7). A 1m gridded Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE) surface of mainscheme data and a 1m gridded CUBE surface of crossline data were differenced; the resulting mean was 0.01m with a standard deviation of 0.05m (Figure 8). Over 99.5% of nodes are compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 9). Visual inspection of the differenced surfaces indicated no systematic issues. H13608 MBES crossline data, shown in fraction of allowable error difference statistics, overlaid on mainscheme data, plotted on ENCs US4OH01M and ENC US5OH11M. SupportFiles\H13608_XL_Comparison.png H13608 crossline/mainscheme comparison statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MB_1m_LWD_MainschemeOnly-H13608_MB_1m_LWD_XLsOnly_depth_delta.png H13608 crossline fraction of allowable error statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MB_1m_LWD_MainschemeOnly-H13608_MB_1m_LWD_XLsOnly_fracAllowErr_Freq.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 S222 N/A 4 N/A 0.2 2903 4 N/A N/A 0.2 2904 4 N/A N/A 0.2 The bathymetric surface's uncertainty layer is compliant with 2022 HSSD uncertainty standards. One-hundred percent of nodes pass uncertainty standards (Figure 10). H13608 uncertainty standards. SupportFiles\H13608_MB_1m_LWD_Final.QAv6.tvu_qc.png H13608 junctions with two contemporary surveys within the OPR-W386-TJ-22 project- H13607 and H13615. H13607 5000 2022 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson W The western edge of sheet H13608 junctions with sheet H13607. A 1m Single Resolution (SR) CUBE surface of H13608 data and a 50cm SR CUBE surface of H13607 data were differenced (Figure 11). The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.06m with a standard deviation of 0.07m (Figure 12). Over 99.5% of nodes are compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 13). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13608 and H13607 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13608 and H13607, plotted over ENC US4OH01M and ENC US5OH11M. SupportFiles\H13608-H13607_JunctionComparison.png H13608 and H13607 surface difference comparison statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MBES_1m_LWD_Final-H13607_MBES_50cm_LWD_Final_depth_delta.png H13608 and H13607 fraction of allowable error statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MBES_1m_LWD_Final-H13607_MBES_50cm_LWD_Final_fracAllowErr_Freq.png H13615 10000 2022 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson N The northern edge of sheet H13608 junctions with sheet H13615. A 1m SR CUBE surface of H13608 data and a 1m SR CUBE surface of H13615 data were differenced (Figure 14). The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.00m with a standard deviation of 0.09m (Figure 15). Over 99.5% of nodes are compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 16). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13608 and H13615 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13608 and H13615, plotted over ENC US4OH01M and ENC US5OH11M. SupportFiles\H13608-H13615_Junction_Comparison.png H13608 and H13607 surface difference comparison statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MBES_1m_LWD_Final-H13615_MB_1m_LWD_Final_depth_delta.png H13608 and H13615 fraction of allowable error statistics. SupportFiles\H13608_MBES_1m_LWD_Final-H13615_MB_1m_LWD_Final_fracAllowErr_Freq.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. None Exist There were no conditions or deficiencies that affected equipment operational effectiveness. Sound Speed Refraction H13608 is located in an area that exhibits intense thermal stratification in the water column. This thermal layering greatly affects sound speed and results in refraction that can be observed in the MBES surface (Figure 17). The impacts on sounding depth accuracy are within allowable uncertainty standards, as outlined in the 2022 HSSD. Example of the impact of sound speed seen throughout H13608 in Caris subset editor. SupportFiles\soundspeed.png Casts to acquire sound velocity profiles were conducted using a MVP-200 and a Seabird SeaCat 19+ V2 CTD at the start of each acquisition day and at a minimum of once every four hours during acquisition. Cast frequency was increased in areas where a change in surface sound speed of greater than two meters per second was detected. All sound speed methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. A total of 172 sound speed profiles were collected for H13608 and display good spatial and depth diversity (Figure 18). Nine of these 172 sound speed profiles were taken outside of the coverage extents for H13608, not more than 500m away, and display profiles representative of the area. All sound speed profile data were concatenated into a master file for the sheet. MBES data were corrected by applying profiles taken nearest in distance within time (4 hours) using this master file. Overview of all sound speed casts collected on H13608. Cast locations shown as red targets overlaid on greyscale MBES surface. SupportFiles\SVP casts (9 outside coverage for sheet).png Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section Section 5.2.2.3 of the 2022 HSSD. Vessels S222, 2903, and 2904 were outfitted with Kongsberg EM2040 MBES systems and were used to acquire 100% complete coverage MBES, crosslines, developments, and holidays. All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. Raw MBES backscatter was flagged as part of the .all file from the Kongsberg EM2040 systems. Backscatter was processed in the QPS Fledermaus GeoCoder Toolbox (FMGT) software, and the exported geotiffs are included in the final processed data submission package (Figure 19). 300kHz backscatter mosaics from data acquired by S222, 2903, and 2904. SupportFiles\backscatter.PNG NOAA Profile Version 2022 Feature Object Catalog NOAA Profile Version 2022 was used for all S-57 attribution in the Final Feature File. All other software were used as detailed in the DAPR. H13608_MB_1m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.2 16.3 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13608_MB_1m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.2 16.3 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13608_MBAB_2m_S222_300kHz_1of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES H13608_MBAB_2m_2903_300kHz_2of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES H13608_MBAB_2m_2904_300kHz_3of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section 5.2.2.2 of the 2022 HSSD; reference Survey Correspondence for approval of SR grid. The grid met density standards outlined in Section 5.1.3 of the 2022 HSSD (Figure 20). While there are visible gaps in the bathymetric surface in areas of 100% complete MBES coverage, they are not large enough to meet the definition of a holiday for complete coverage requirements. One holiday exists within survey H13608 as discussed in Section A.4. Pydro QC Tools Detect Fliers was used with the experimental option 7 "Noisy Margins" selected to find fliers in a finalized 1m SR surface. Obvious noise was rejected by the Hydrographer in Caris Subset Editor. After multiple rounds of data cleaning, Detect Fliers found 958 potential fliers. Upon further inspection, these flagged grid's nodes are considered to be accurate representations of the lakebed and have been retained in the submitted surfaces; most are located along the rocky breakwaters within the sheet (Figure 21). H13608 data density. SupportFiles\H13608_MB_1m_LWD_Final.QAv6.density.png Overview of flagged nodes, shown as blue targets, with inset showing a 2D and 3D subset view of the breakwater where most of the flagged nodes exist. SupportFiles\fliers.png Additional information discussing the vertical or horizontal control for this survey can be found in the accompanying HVCR. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM OPR-W386-TJ-22_NAD83_2011_VDatum_LWD_IGLD85 All soundings submitted for H13608 are reduced to LWD IGLD-85 using VDatum techniques as outlined in the DAPR. North American Datum 1983 Projected UTM 17 RTX Trimble-RTX service was used with an Applanix POS MVv5 GNSS_INS system and POSPac MMS software to obtain highly accurate ellipsoidally referenced position data to meet ERS specifications in accordance with the 2022 HSSD for H13608 MBES data from vessels S222, 2903, and 2904. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was used for real-time horizontal control during data acquisition on vessels S222, 2903, and 2904. Surveyed soundings and contours were compared against previously charted data on ENC US4OH01M and ENC US5OH11M. Depth values in the 9.1 to 36.5 m charted depth area were found to be in general agreement with previously charted soundings. Nearshore charted depth contours - 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, 7.3, and 9.1 m - were generally seen 20 to 120 meters further offshore than surveyed data, though isolated rocks throughout these areas affect future contour placement (Figure 22). Example of surveyed contours (blue) existing inshore of charted contours (gray). SupportFiles\chartcomparison.png US4OH01M 80000 16 2018-04-27 2020-05-15 US5OH11M 10000 21 2021-06-22 2021-06-22 A charted, unverified, dangerous wreck was assigned and investigated, but was not seen in the complete coverage MBES within 500m of the charted location. An anti-DtoN report was not submitted for the wreck due to to its charted location being outside of recommended traffic routes. Additionally, no DtoN reports were submitted for this survey. Several isolated, natural features exist that are shallower than their corresponding depth area. These features were not considered to be DtoNs based on the area's Category Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) their proximity (within 100 m) to other charted features such as fish havens, breakwaters, and the 9.1 m contour (Figure 23). They have been designated per Section 5.2.1.2.3 in the 2022 HSSD and are represented in the final submitted surface. Isolated features with least depth less than the surrounding depth area - 9.1 - 36.5 m. SupportFiles\isolatedfeatures.png A total of 36 charted features were assigned for investigation. Twenty-nine charted features were assigned but were not investigated due to their location within the deprioritized CRANES area of the sheet. Seven charted features were investigated using 100% complete coverage MBES. Based on the H13608 data, five were deemed appropriate for deletion and two should be retained as charted. None of the charted assigned features were considered to be Dangers to Navigation (DTONs). Reference the Final Feature File (FFF) included with the submission of this project for further information. Fifteen uncharted features were identified and investigated using 100% complete coverage MBES; none were considered to be DTONs. Reference the FFF for more information. Channels exist within the survey limits, but were not investigated due to their location in the deprioritized survey area. Three charted AtoNs exist within the assigned sheet limits. All were investigated and confirmed to be on station. No AtoN reports were filed with the U.S. Coast Guard. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. Thirteen bottom samples were assigned for investigation, but one sample did not yield a return. The twelve acquired bottom samples are included in the FFF. No overhead features exist for this survey. One pipeline and one crib were assigned and investigated within H13608; features are seen in the MBES coverage approximately 50-150 meters from their charted location. Three uncharted pipelines and two cribs were also identified and investigated using 100% complete MBES coverage. None of these features were considered to be dangerous to navigation. Reference the FFF for more information. No platforms exist for this survey. No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey. Large piles of sediment were found in several areas in the southwestern portion of the sheet (Figure 24). These sediment mounds appear to be anthropogenic in origin and are possibly the leftovers from dredging. Overview of survey H13608 where red box outlines the area containing sediment piles. The inset shows a 2D and 3D subset view of the piles. SupportFiles\dredgespoils.png No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Chief of Party 2022-12-14 Sydney M. Catoire, LT/NOAA Field Operations Officer 2022-12-14 Erin K. Cziraki Chief Survey Technician 2022-12-14 Sophie Caradine-Taber Sheet Manager 2022-12-14