OPR-W386-TJ-22 Approaches to Cleveland, OH Lake Erie NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson (S222) H13609 3 7 NM West of Cleveland Ohio United States 5000 2022 Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Navigable Area 2022-04-19 2022-05-08 2022-06-30 Multibeam Echo Sounder Side Scan Sonar Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 17N, LWD-IGLD 1985. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Field Units) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced by NOAA and are in the public domain within the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). NOAA Survey H13609, located in Lake Erie within the sub locality of 7 NM West of Cleveland, was conducted in accordance with coverage requirements set forth in the Project Instructions OPR-W386-TJ-22. 41.552149 81.996587 41.484164 81.734065 Survey layout for H13609, plotted over ENC US4OH01M. The dashed black outline represents the survey limits set forth by the project instructions. MBES coverage is in color and SSS coverage in greyscale. SupportFiles\A.1_ Survey_Limits.png Survey data were acquired in accordance with the requirements set forth by the Project Instructions (PI) and the 2022 Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD). The Port of Cleveland is one of the largest ports in the Great Lakes and ranks within the top 50 ports in the United States. Roughly 13 million tons of cargo are transported through Cleveland Harbor each year supporting over 20,000 jobs and $3.5 billion in annual economic activity. This project will provide modern bathymetric data for the Cleveland area as well as the vicinity of South Bass Island and Presque Isle. The project area was identified as a statistically significant hot spot within the 2018 hydrographic health model, a risk model that Coast Survey uses for evaluating priorities based upon navigational risks and the necessary quality of data to support modern traffic. Most of this area has not been surveyed since the 1940s, and experiences significant vessel traffic. A modern bathymetric survey in this area will identify hazards and changes to the seafloor, provide critical data for updating National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charting products and improve maritime safety. Survey data from this project is intended to supersede all prior survey data in the common area. https://www.portofcleveland.com/ The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. Complete coverage requirements were met utilizing a combination of 100% multibeam echo sounder (MBES) coverage and 100% side scan sonar (SSS) with concurrent MBES coverage as specified by the 2022 HSSD. Data acquired in H13609 meet survey quality standards specified in the 2022 HSSD, including crosslines (see Section B.2.1), NOAA allowable uncertainty (see Section B.2.2), and density requirements (see Section B.5.2). All waters in survey area. Complete Coverage (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.3) All waters in survey area. Acquire backscatter data during all multibeam data acquisition (Refer to the HSSD Section 6.2) Survey coverage is in accordance with requirements listed in Table 2 and in the 2022 HSSD. Sections of H13609 were surveyed to complete coverage by 100% SSS coverage with concurrent MBES. Other sections, primarily nearshore areas, of H13609 were surveyed to complete coverage by 100% bottom coverage with MBES (Figure 2). Assigned features requiring a disproval radius were addressed with 100% multibeam. Though there are some gaps in the MBES coverage, they are either covered sufficiently by SSS or do not meet specifications to be considered holidays. No holidays exist within the combined coverage achieved on H13609. Coverage was acquired to the inshore limit of hydrography, the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL). Areas where survey coverage did not reach the NALL, indicated by the 3.5-meter depth contour, nor the assigned sheet limits, were due to the survey vessel reaching the extent of safe navigation (Figure 3). These areas are characterized as being near shore, subject to dangerous wave action or other hazards. Following completion of mainscheme acquisition, surveyed soundings were assessed against charted soundings to determine whether bathymetric splits were necessary. Splits were acquired where charted soundings were found to be shallower than neighboring surveyed soundings by more than the maximum allowable TVU at that depth (generally 0.5m or greater). H13609 survey coverage types: 100% multibeam outlined in cobalt and 100% SSS with concurrent multibeam outlined in emerald. SupportFiles\A.4_Survey_Coverage_Types.png H13609 nearshore areas where the extent of safe navigation was reached before the NALL, shown in black. SupportFiles\A.4_MissedNALL.png 2903 0.0 204.26 0.0 0.0 0.0 523.35 0.0 47.31 0.0 2904 0.0 146.08 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350.34 0.0 0.0 0.0 523.34 0.0 47.31 0.0 5.42 12 0 0 0 32.92 2022-05-08 2022-05-10 2022-05-11 2022-05-12 2022-05-17 2022-05-18 2022-05-20 2022-05-21 2022-05-22 2022-05-24 2022-05-25 2022-05-26 2022-06-16 2022-06-21 2022-06-22 2022-06-23 2022-06-24 2022-06-25 2022-06-26 2022-06-28 2022-06-30 Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections. 2903 8.5 1.2 2904 8.5 1.2 Thomas Jefferson HSL 2903 SupportFiles\B.1_2903.png Thomas Jefferson HSL 2904 SupportFiles\B.1_2904.png Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 SSS EdgeTech 4200 MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 MBES Backscatter Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor Sea-Bird Scientific SBE 19plus V2 Sound Speed System Teledyne RESON SVP 70 Vessel configurations, equipment operations, data acquisition, and processing were consistent with specifications described in the DAPR. HSL 2903 collected 47.31 linear nautical miles of MBES crosslines, or 5.42% of mainscheme MBES data. A single resolution Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE) surface of mainscheme data at 1m resolution and a single resolution CUBE surface at the 1m resolution of crossline data were differenced - the resulting mean was 0.00 m with a standard deviation of 0.06 m (Figure 6). Though the fractional allowable error has a large range, more than 99.5% of nodes are within the allowable error fraction (Figure 7). Visual inspection of the difference surface indicated no systematic issues (Figure 8). H13609 crossline and mainscheme comparison. SupportFiles\B.2.1_XL_DepthStats.png H13609 fractional allowable error node distribution. SupportFiles\B.2.1_XL_FracAllowErr.png H13609 crossline fractional allowable error shown in color, overlaid onto survey data shown in greyscale. SupportFiles\B.2.1_XL_Overview.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 2903 4.0 N/A N/A 0.2 2904 4.0 N/A N/A 0.2 The bathymetric surface's uncertainty layer is compliant with 2022 HSSD uncertainty standards. Over 99.5% of all nodes pass uncertainty standards (Figure 9). H13609 uncertainty standards SupportFiles\B.2.2_UncertaintyStandards.png Survey H13609 junctions with H13607 and H13616 within the OPR-W386-TJ-22 project (Figure 10). H13609, in baby blue, along with junctioning sheet H13607, in goldenrod, and H13616, in mint. SupportFiles\B.2.3_JunctionOverview.png H13607 5000 2022 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson E Refer to survey H13607 Descriptive Report for junction analysis. H13616 5000 2022 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson N The northern edge of H13609 junctions with sheet H13616. A 1m SR CUBE surface of H13609 data and a 1m SR CUBE surface of H13616 data were differenced (Figure 11). The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.10 m with a standard deviation of 0.05 m (Figure 12). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13609 and H13616 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13609 and H13616. SupportFiles\B.2.3_JunctionFracAllowErr.png H13609 and H13616 surface difference comparison statistics. SupportFiles\B.2.3_JunctionDiffStats.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. None Exist There were no conditions or deficiencies that affected equipment operational effectiveness. Refraction in SSS data H13609 is located in an area that exhibits intense thermal stratification. This layering greatly affects sound speed (Figure 13) and results in refraction that can be observed in the SSS imagery (Figure 14). The side scan towfish are hull-mounted on the launches and cannot be lowered below the thermocline. Varying degrees of refraction were observed in SSS data collected by HSL 2903, however the hydrographer determined that all data are of acceptable quality to be able to discern contacts on the lake bed. Example of conductivity, temperature, and sound speed profiles collected on H13609 showing the effect of temperature on sound speed. SupportFiles\B.2.6_FactorsAffectingSoundings_SVPPlot.png An example of refraction that was observed in SSS imagery collected on H13609. SupportFiles\B.2.6_FactorsAffectingSoundings_SSSRefraction.png Unknown environmental issue in nearshore areas The nearshore area of H13609 is made up of what appear to be rocky ledges. In the area of these rocky ledges, the Kongsberg 2040 sonars on HSLs 2903 and 2904 had trouble bottom tracking throughout the swath which created soundings below the CUBE surface in a "V" shape (Figure 15). This issue occurred only in the rocky ledge area of the sheet and with both sonars suggesting an environmental issue rather than one with the equipment. The erroneous data were rejected from the CUBE surface and the field unit attempted to reacquire over the area using adjusted settings in the Kongsberg MBES system. However, the problem persisted and no further re-acquisition efforts were made. Areas in H13609 with an the displayed "V" shape soundings SupportFiles\B.2.6_FactorsAffectingSoundings_EnvIssue.png Casts were conducted at the start of each acquisition day and within four hours of each previous cast per the 2022 HSSD specifications. Casts were conducted more frequently in areas with a strong thermocline that was associated with changes in the sound speed in the water of up to 20 meters per second. HSLs 2903 and 2904 conducted casts using a Sea-Bird Scientific SBE 19plus V2 CTD. A total of 86 sound speed profiles were collected in and around the survey limits of H13609 and display good spatial diversity (Figure 16). Twelve of these casts were located outside of the sheet limits and display profiles representative of the area. All casts were concatenated into a master file and applied to MBES data using the "Nearest distance within time" (4 hours) profile selection method. Overview of H13609 CTD locations, plotted in plum. SupportFiles\B.2.7_Cast_Locations.png Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% SSS coverage with concurrent MBES and 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section 5.2.2.2 of the 2022 HSSD. Launch 2903 was outfitted with a Kongsberg EM2040 MBES system, an Edgetech 4200 SSS system, and was primarily used to acquire 100% SSS coverage with concurrent MBES, 100% MBES coverage, developments, and crosslines to address assigned features. Launch 2904 was outfitted with a Kongsberg EM2040 MBES system and was primarily used to acquire 100% complete coverage MBES, developments, bathymetric splits, and holidays. All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. Raw MBES backscatter was flagged as part of the .all file from the Kongsberg EM2040 systems. Backscatter was processed in QPS Fledermaus GeoCoder Toolbox (FMGT) software, and the exported geotiffs are included in the final processed data submission package (Figures 17, 18. & 19). 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by 2903. SupportFiles\B.4_2903Backscatter300kHz.png 400kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by 2903. SupportFiles\B.4_2903Backscatter400kHz.png 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by 2904. SupportFiles\B.4_2904Backscatter300kHz.png NOAA Profile Version 2022 H13609_MB_1m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.8 16.4 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13609_MB_1m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.8 16.4 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13609_SSSAB_600kHz_1of1 SSS Mosaic 1 N/A 100% SSS H13609_MBAB_2m_300kHz_1of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES H13609_MBAB_2m_400kHz_2of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES H13609_MBAB_2m_300kHz_3of3 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% SSS coverage with concurrent MBES and 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section 5.2.2.2 of the 2022 HSSD. All bathymetric grids for H13609 meet density requirements per the HSSD 2022 (Figure 19). The combined MBES and SSS coverage for this survey resulted in zero holidays. After multiple rounds of surface cleaning, a total of 79 fliers remain as detected by NOAA's QC Tool Flier Finder available in the Pydro XL-19 suite. The hydrographer reviewed the flagged grid nodes, considers them to be to be accurate representations of the lake bed, and has retained them in the final delivered surface. H13609 data density standards. SupportFiles\B.5.2_DensityStandards.png H13609 SSS mosaic with a 1m resolution. Gaps in coverage were addressed with complete MBES coverage. SupportFiles\B.5.2_SSS_Overview.png No Horizontal and Vertical Control Report (HVCR) is required for this survey. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM OPR-W386-TJ-22_NAD83_2011_VDatum_LWD_IGLD85 All soundings submitted for H13609 are reduced to the International Great Lakes Low Water Datum using VDatum techniques as outlined in the DAPR. North American Datum 1983 Projected UTM 17 RTX Trimble-RTX service was used with an Applanix POS MVv5 GNSS_INS system to obtain highly accurate ellipsoidally referenced position data to meet ERS specifications for H13609 MBES data from vessels HSL 2903 and 2904. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was used for real-time horizontal control during data acquisition on vessels HSL 2903 and 2904. US4OH01M 80000 16 2018-04-27 2020-05-15 US5OH1AM 10000 2 2017-11-28 2018-03-07 No shoals or potentially hazardous features exist for this survey. A total of nineteen features were assigned for investigation. Seven features were not addressed due to being inshore of the NALL. Twelve charted features were investigated: no features were deemed appropriate for updating, six features were deemed appropriate for deletion, and six features were deemed appropriate to be retained as charted. One wreck was designated as an Unverified Charted Feature (UCF) with a 200m search radius. It could not be fully disproved due to reaching the limit of safe navigation and has been marked for retention. Reference the Final Feature File for further information. Nineteen uncharted features were identified and investigated. None were considered to be dangerous to navigation and no DTON reports were submitted. Reference the Final Feature File for further information. No channels exist for this survey. There are no designated anchorages, precautionary areas, safety fairways, traffic separation schemes, pilot boarding areas, or channel and range lines within the survey limits. No Aids to navigation (ATONs) exist for this survey. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. Twelve bottom samples were acquired for survey H13609. However the hydrographer chose to collect samples in alternate locations guided by differences observed in the the SSS acoustic backscatter imagery. One sample was opportunistically collected from the anchor of NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson and is in a similar location to a bottom sample later collected. All bottom samples were entered in the H13609 Final Feature File. See Figure 21 for a graphical overview of sample locations. H13609 bottom sample locations in magenta plotted over the 1m resolution side scan sonar mosaic. SupportFiles\D.2.3_BottomSampleLocations.png No overhead features exist for this survey. Four submarine pipelines were assigned for investigation within H13609. Only one, the western-most pipeline, was observed in MBES and SSS data near its charted location. The western central pipeline was not seen in MBES or SSS imagery. The eastern central pipeline was found to be unburied and was reported following guidance in the 2022 HSSD. The eastern-most pipeline was not addressed due to being inshore of the NALL, but there is evidence of this pipe approximately 100 m to the northwest and was reported following guidance in the 2022 HSSD. Reference H13609_Discrepancies.000 in the S-57 folder of the submission drive for more information as well as the DR Appendices for a record of communications. No platforms exist for this survey. No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey. Large piles of sediment were found in two areas on the eastern side of the sheet ranging from 0.75km-2.5km offshore (Figure 22). These sediment mounds seem to be anthropogenic in origin and possibly the leftovers of dredging. Other abnormal seafloor or environmental conditions were observed in this survey. Refer to Section B.2.6 Factors Affecting Soundings for more information. Locations of sediment mounds found in H13609 outlined in canary. SupportFiles\D.2.8_AbnormalSeafloor.png No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Chief of Party 2022-09-24 Michelle M. Levano, LT/NOAA Field Operations Officer 2022-09-24 Erin K. Cziraki Chief Survey Technician 2022-09-24 Sarah G. Thompson Sheet Manager 2022-09-24