OPR-W387-TJ-22 Detroit River Detroit River NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson (S222) H13619 2 Belle Isle to Grosse Pointe Michigan United States 5000 2022 Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Navigable Area 2022-04-19 2022-08-11 2022-08-23 Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 17N, IGLD 1985 LWD. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Field Units) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced by NOAA and are in the public domain within the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). NOAA Survey H13619, located in the Detroit River, MI in the vicinity of Belle Isle, was conducted in accordance with coverage requirements set forth in the Project Instructions (PIs) OPR-W387-TJ-22. 42.37988333333333 82.97257222222223 42.333425000000005 82.88639444444445 Survey data were acquired in accordance with requirements set forth by the PIs and the 2022 Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD) (Figure 1). Survey layout for H13619, plotted over ENC US5MI29M. Purple outline represents the survey limits set forth by the PIs. Blue box represents data extents. Coverage shown in color. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/A.1-Overview%20fixed.png The Detroit River divides the metropolitan areas of Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario and contains a portion of the border between the United States and Canada. Flowing 28 miles from Lake St. Clair into Lake Erie, the waterway serves as a critical transportation route connecting various ports along the Great Lakes handling approximates 1,500 passages or 80 million tons of cargo annually (1). The Port of Detroit serves as a top 20 port for dry bulk products (2) and provides approximately 16,000 jobs to southeast Michigan (1). The river is crossed numerous times by bridges and tunnels and ferries of critical importance to regional and international trade and travel between Canada and the United States. The Detroit River hosts islands, marshes, and structures dating back to the colonization of the are in th 1700's. There are numerous wrecks, ruins, and other potential hazards outside of the USACE maintained channels. These areas outside of the USACE maintained channels have no been adequately surveyed with modern technology and present a critical surveying need. This project represents a portion o the NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson's planned FY22 work in the Great Lakes region. Survey data from this project is intended to supersede all prior survey data in the common area. 1: https://www.freightwaves.com/news/freightwaves-classics-port-of-detroit-is-an-economic-enginefor- the-region 2: https://www.bts.gov/ports The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. Data acquired in H13619 meet 100% multibeam echo sounder (MBES) coverage requirements for object detection, as specified in the 2022 HSSD. This includes crosslines (see Section B.2.1), NOAA allowable uncertainty (see Section B.2.2), and density requirements (see Section B.5.2). All waters in survey area Object detection (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.2) All waters in survey area Acquire backscatter data during all multibeam data acquisition (Refer to the HSSD Section 6.2) Survey coverage is in accordance with requirements listed in Table 2 and the 2022 HSSD. Coverage requirements were met with 100% object detection MBES coverage. Coverage was acquired to the inshore limit of hydrography, the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL). Areas where survey coverage did not meet the 3.5-meter depth contour, nor the assigned sheet limits, were due to the survey vessel reaching the extent of safe navigation (Figure 2). A total of 22 holidays exist within sheet H13619. These holidays were created as a result coverage gaps, cleaning of dense vegetation areas, above-water features, or rejection of a data artifact (Figure 3). One holiday is covered by data from adjoining sheet H13618 (Figure 4). See Section B.2.5 for information describing the data artifact and Section B.2.6 for information regarding dense vegetation. H13619 coverage in relation to the NALL. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/nall.png Overview of the 22 MBES holidays in sheet H13619. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/holidays_updated_2.png MBES holiday with coverage from contemporary survey H13618, shown in gray. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/holiday%20covered%20by%20H13618.png 2904 0.0 102.83 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.05 0.0 S3007 0.0 169.58 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.93 0.0 0.0 272.41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.98 0.0 4.08 3 0 0 0 2.57 2022-08-11 2022-08-12 2022-08-13 2022-08-15 2022-08-16 2022-08-17 2022-08-19 2022-08-23 Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections. 2904 8.5 1.2 S3007 10.38 0.6 Thomas Jefferson Launch 2904 file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.1%202904.jpg NRT-5 vessel S3007 file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.1%20S3007.jpg MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040C MBES Backscatter Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 MBES Backscatter Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040C Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor Sea-Bird Scientific SBE 19plus V2 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor SonTek CastAway-CTD Sound Speed System Teledyne RESON SVP 70 Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic Micro SV-Xchange Hydrographic Survey Launch (HSL) 2903 and Navigation Response Team-5 (NRT-5) S3007 collected a total of 9.98 linear nautical miles of MBES crosslines or 4.08% of mainscheme MBES data. The crosslines acquired represent good spatial and depth diversity for this survey area (Figure 7). A Single Resolution (SR) 50cm Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE) surface of mainscheme data and a SR 50cm CUBE surface of crossline data were differenced - the resulting mean was 0.04m with a standard deviation of 0.04m (Figure 8). Although the fractional allowable error has a large range, more than 99.5% of nodes are within the allowable error fraction (Figure 9). Visual inspection of the difference surface indicated no systematic issues. Overview of H13619 crossline distribution by geography and depth, shown in color, overlaid on mainscheme data shown in greyscale. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2%20XL%20distribution.png H13619 crossline/mainscheme comparison statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2%20XL%20comparison%20stats.png H13619 crossline fraction of allowable error statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13619_MBES_MS_50cm_LWD-H13619_MBES_XL_50cm_LWD_fracAllowErr_Freq.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 2904 4.0 0.2 S3007 2.0 0.5 The bathymetric surface's uncertainty layer is compliant with the 2022 HSSD uncertainty standards. Over 99.5% of all nodes pass uncertainty standards (Figure 10). H13619 uncertainty standards. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD_Final.QAv6.tvu_qc.png Survey H13619 junctions with one contemporary survey, H13618 within the OPR-W387-TJ-22 project, conducted by NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson (Figure 11). H13618 5000 2022 Thomas Jefferson S The southern edge of sheet H13619 junctions with contemporary survey H13618 from project OPR-W387-TJ-22. A 50cm SR CUBE surface of H13619 data and a 50cm SR CUBE surface of H13618 data were differenced (Figure 11). The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.03m with a standard deviation of 0.03m (Figure 12). Although the fractional allowable error has a large range, more than 99.5% of nodes are within the allowable error fraction (Figure 13). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13618 and H13619 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13619 and H13618. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/junction.png H13618 and H13619 surface difference comparison statistics file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13618_MBES_50cm_LWD-H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD_depth_delta.png H13618 and H13619 fraction of allowable error statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13618_MBES_50cm_LWD-H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD_fracAllowErr_Freq.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. Starboard side nadir abnormality in MBES on Julian day number 223 On Julian day number 223, two lines, 0053_20220811_191332_2904_EM2040 and 0054_20220811_192414_2904_EM2040 of HSL 2904 data had an abnormality on the starboard side of the nadir. Although the data initially looked normal in the waterfall during acquisition, this abnormality resulted in multiple one to two meter artifacts on the starboard side of each line (Figure 14). These artifacts were deleted out of the data resulting in holidays in the MBES coverage (Figure 15). The hydrographer does not think the holidays contain hazards to navigation. This abnormality was not observed in any other lines or days of MBES data collected on H13619. Overview of the MBES abnormality on Julian day number 223. This is the surface before rejecting out the artifacts that were created. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/MBES%20artifact%20overview.png The location of holidays, represented by black targets, after the artifacts were deleted out of line 0053_20220811_191332_2904_EM2040. The 3D and 2D view show the rejected (gray) data being approximately 2m off the river floor. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/MBES%20artifact.png Dense Vegetation While conducting survey operations, field personnel reported dense patches of vegetation throughout all of sheet H13619 (Figure 16). The majority of the vegetation was on the edges of the river and in shallower portions of the sheet, generally 3.5m or less. After consulting with personnel at the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch, conservative cleaning efforts were made to reject the vegetation from being included in the delivered surfaces. There were two large areas of survey coverage where the density of the vegetation obscured the lake bed. Rather than attempting to discern the location of the bottom, the hydrographer took the more conservative approach and completely rejected sounding data from these areas. These areas include the easternmost point of Belle Isle and the approach channel to Grosse Pointe (Figure 17). Data rejected from Belle Isle were generally less than 3.5m in depth. However, the rejected vegetation area in the vicinity of Grosse Pointe extended below the 3.5m NALL and resulted in a large data gap in the submitted surfaces. The original trackline data have been retained in the final submission package and WEDKLP area features were added to the Final Feature File (FFF). Example area of dense vegetation in sheet H13619. Multiple locations were flagged by flier finder and are represented by black targets. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/sea%20grass.png Large areas of dense vegetation rejected from submitted surfaces. WEDKLP areas highlighted in teal, original tracklines shown in black. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/Vegetation%20Areas.png Static casts were conducted at the start of acquisition each day and at a minimum of every four hours during launch acquisition. Static cast frequency was increased in areas where a change in surface sound speed greater than two meters per second existed. All sound speed methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. A total of 32 sound speed profiles were collected within the survey limits of H13619 and display good spatial diversity. Three of these casts were located outside of the sheet limits, not more than 100m away, and display profiles representative of the area (Figure 18). All sound speed profile data were concatenated into a master file for the sheet. MBES data were corrected by applying profiles nearest in the distance in time (4 hours) using this master file. Overview of all SVP casts taken in H13619, shown as black targets, overlaid on MBES coverage. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/CTD%20Casts.png All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. Raw MBES backscatter was flagged as part of the .all file from the Kongsberg EM2040 systems. Backscatter was processed in he QPS Fledermaus GeoCoder Toolbox (FMGT) software, and the exported geotiffs are included in the final processed data submission package (Figures 19 and 20). 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by 2904. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/2904%20backscatter.png 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by S3007. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/S3007%20backscatter.png NOAA Profile Version 2022 H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD MB Backscatter Mosaic 0.5 0.57 15.03 NOAA_0.5m Object Detection H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD_Final MB Backscatter Mosaic 0.5 0.57 15.03 NOAA_0.5m Object Detection H13619_MBAB_2m_S3007_300kHz_1of2 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Object Detection H13619_MBAB_2m_2904_300kHz_2of2 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Object Detection Object detection requirements were met with 100% object detection MBES coverage as specified under section 5.2.2.2 of the 2022 HSSD. All bathymetric grids for H13619 meet density requirements per the 2022 HSSD (Figure 21). A total of 22 holidays exist within survey H13619. See section A.4 for further information. Additionally, after multiple rounds of cleaning, a total of ten fliers remain as detected by NOAA's QC Tool Flier Finder available in the Pydro CL-19 suite (Figure 22). The hydrographer reviewed the flagged nodes and considers them to be accurate representations of the lake bed. H13619 data density standards. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13619_MBES_50cm_LWD_Final.QAv6.density.png Overview of the remaining ten flagged fliers in H13619 MBES data considered to be accurate representations of the lake bed. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.5.2%20Fliers.png Field installed tide and GPS stations were not utilized for this survey. There is no HVCR report included with the submission of H13619. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM OPR-W387-TJ-22_NAD83_2011_VDatum_LWD_IGLD85 North American Datum 1983 Projected UTM 17 RTX Trimble PP-RTX service was used with an Applanix POS MV v5 system and POSPac MMS software for ERS control in accordance with the HSSD for H13619 MBES data from vessels 2904 and S3007. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was used for real-time horizontal control during data acquisition. US5MI28M 15000 6 2021-11-03 2021-11-24 Survey soundings and contours were compared against previously charted data. While depth values were found to be in general agreement, some contours appear to have shifted. The hydrographer believes these shifts do not pose a hazard to navigation. One Danger to Navigation (DTON) Report was submitted for an obstruction with a surveyed least depth less than the surrounding charted depth area (Figure 23). Reported DTON within H13619 file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/D.1.2%20DTON.png A total of 106 features were assigned for investigation. Of the 106 assigned features, 93 were not addressed due to operational time constraints. Four of the features were deemed appropriate for deletion based on bathymetric data collected. Additionally, nine features were not included in the FFF per Investigation Requirements. Reference the Final Feature File included with the submission of this project for further information. A total of eight uncharted features were identified within the 100% object detection MBES coverage. None of these features are considered dangerous to navigation. Reference the Final Feature File included with the submission of this project for further information. Three federally maintained dredged channels exist within H13619- the Flemming Channel, Peach Island Channel, and an additional unnamed channel (Figure 24). Surveyed depths within the channels were in general agreement with reported project depths with the exception of a section of the Flemming Channel in the vicinity of Peche Island Light (Figure 25). The reported depth range for this area is 8.6m while surveyed depths reached a minimum of 5m. This discrepancy was reported to the Project Manager following guidance in the 2022 HSSD. A record of the correspondence can be found in the DR Appendix II: Supplemental Records folder of the submission package. Additionally, two CATZOC B areas exist in the vicinity of Peche Island Light within the Flemming Channel (Figure 25). Surveyed depths were found to be greater than the charted depths in both areas. The hydrographer recommends contacting the US Army Corps of Engineers to determine if there are any planned dredging projects for this location or if the channel extents should be updated to reflect survey data. Overview of federally maintained channels in H13619. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/D.1.5%20Channels.png Section of the Flemming Channel with surveyed depths less than reported project depths outlined in black. CATZOC B areas outlined in blue. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/D.1.5%20Flemming%20Shoal%20Area.png A total of 39 AtoNs exist in H13619. Of the 39 AtoNs 19 are buoys and 20 are lights. None of the 20 lights were observed during acquisition. All 19 buoys were on station and serving their intended purpose. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. Four bottom samples were assigned in sheet H13619. However, only three bottom samples were collected due to operational time constraints (Figure 26). Reference the Final Feature File included with the submission of this project for further information. Locations of H13619 bottom samples, shown as purple dots, overlaid on 300kHz MBES backscatter mosaic. file:///Q:/OPR-W387-TJ-22/Surveys/H13619/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/bottom%20samples.png No overhead features exist for this survey. Three underwater cables and two pipelines were assigned for investigation within H13619. Reference the Final Feature File included with the submission of this project for further information. No platforms exist for this survey. No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey. No abnormal seafloor or environmental conditions exist for this survey. No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Commanding Officer 2022-11-30 Michelle M. Levano, LT/NOAA Field Operations Officer 2022-11-30 Erin K. Cziraki Chief Survey Technician 2022-11-30 Chloe B. Arboleda Senior Survey Technician 2022-12-05