OPR-Y396-KR-22 Western Lake Michigan, Wisconsin Western Lake Michigan Geodynamics H13637 3 Nearshore Sheboygan North Wisconsin United States 40000 2022 David J. Bernstein, CH, PLS, GISP Navigable Area 2022-04-06 2022-06-17 2022-08-27 Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 16N, LWD-IGLD 1985. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Contractors) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced under contract with NOAA and any potential copyright was assigned to NOAA. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). Contractor Geodynamics LLC conducted a hydrographic survey in the assigned area of H13637 located within the sublocality of Nearshore Sheboygan North, Wisconsin. Within H13637, all survey operations were conducted in accordance with the provided Statement of Work (SOW), Hydrographic Survey Project Instructions (PI), and the March 2022 National Ocean Service (NOS) Hydrographic Survey Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD). Any deviations from the aforementioned guidelines have been approved by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hydrographic Survey Division (HSD) Operations (OPS) branch and are documented in the survey correspondences. 44.01743686111111 87.72165205555555 43.799030888888886 87.596803 Data were acquired to the survey limits in accordance with the requirements listed in the PI and the HSSD. Overview of project survey limits (H13637 shown in blue), overlaid onto Chart 14901 SupportFiles\Survey_Limits_H13637_V3.png H13637 survey limits overlaid onto Chart 14901 SupportFiles\Survey_Limits_Zoomed_H13637.png This project is located in Western Lake Michigan, within the Wisconsin Shipwreck Coast National Marine Sanctuary. The sanctuary designation was a culmination of efforts from multiple stakeholders: The October 2015 community-based nomination led to the publication of the 2020 final environmental impact statement and final management plan -- both went through multiple rounds of public input. Co-managed by NOAA and the state of Wisconsin, the sanctuary brings new opportunities for research, resource protection, educational programming, and community engagement. Previous charting efforts within the proposed 680 SNM project extent were of lead line and singlebeam echo sounders from the mid-twentieth century. The area had never before been surveyed using multibeam echosounder systems (MBES). This project addresses one of the highest priority areas for the Great Lakes by providing modern data to the scientific and benthic mapping communities. Additionally, this project encompasses a nationally significant collection of shipwrecks, including 37 known and as many as 80 shipwrecks yet to be discovered. Conducting a modern bathymetric survey with concurrent backscatter data in this area will identify hazards and changes to the lakebed, provide critical data for updating National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charting products, and improve maritime safety. Survey data from this project is intended to supersede all prior survey data in the common area. The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. Survey quality in H13637 meets or exceeds requirements set forth in the HSSD. Survey quality was assessed through visual inspection, the analysis of crosslines, and utilizing QC Tools to assess uncertainty and density. Additionally, junction analyses were conducted between overlapping data collected on this project and existing bathymetric data. For more information on methods and results of the survey data quality assessments for this survey, refer to section B.2 of this report. All waters in survey area Complete Coverage The entirety of H13637 was acquired with complete coverage in accordance with section 5.2.2.3 of the HSSD, as shown in Figure 3. All efforts were made to acquire survey data to the sheet limits or to the Navigable Area Limit Line (NALL), as defined in section 1.3.2 of the HSSD. An example of where survey limits were defined by NALL can be seen in Figure 4. H13637 survey coverage overlaid onto Chart 14901 SupportFiles\Survey_Coverage_H13637_V3.png H13637 example of area where survey coverage was defined by the NALL overlaid on Chart 14901 SupportFiles\Nall_H13637_V3.png R/V Substantial 0.0 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.98 0.0 R/V Benthos 0.0 1254.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.81 0.0 0.0 1303.41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.79 0.0 4.59 6 0 0 0 44.09 2022-06-17 2022-06-18 2022-06-19 2022-06-20 2022-06-21 2022-06-22 2022-06-23 2022-06-24 2022-06-25 2022-06-26 2022-06-27 2022-06-28 2022-06-29 2022-07-01 2022-07-02 2022-07-03 2022-07-04 2022-07-05 2022-07-07 2022-07-09 2022-07-10 2022-07-11 2022-07-13 2022-07-14 2022-07-16 2022-08-02 2022-08-10 2022-08-11 2022-08-17 2022-08-18 2022-08-26 2022-08-27 Refer to the OPR-Y396-KR-22 Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of survey equipment and configurations, data acquisition procedures, data processing methods, quality control measures, and survey reporting methods. Additional information to supplement survey data and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections. R/V Benthos 9.14 0.61 R/V Substantial 18.0 2.22 MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040C Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic MicroX SV Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic MVP30-350 Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic BaseX2 R/V Benthos and the R/V Substantial utilized a dual-head Kongsberg EM 2040C multibeam system, a POS M/V 320 v5 positioning and attitude system, and an AML MicroX surface sound speed system. The R/V Benthos utilized an AML BaseX2 sound speed profiling system while the R/V Substantial utilized an AML MVP30-350 sound speed profiling system. Multibeam crosslines acquired for H13637 totaled 4.59% of mainscheme acquisition. H13637 crosslines were collected and analyzed in accordance with section 5.2.4.2 of the HSSD. Crosslines were evaluated in CARIS HIPS with a detailed visual inspection followed by a thorough statistical analysis. To conduct the statistical analysis, a 2 m CUBE surface was generated with strictly mainscheme data and another, separate 2 m CUBE surface was generated with only crossline data. The mainscheme and crossline surfaces were analyzed using the Compare Grids tool in Pydro Explorer, which generated a difference surface and associated statistics. In addition to the direct statistics from the surface differencing, the tool assessed the difference surface statistics and computed the proportion of NOS total allowable vertical uncertainty (TVU) consumed by the mainscheme to crossline differences per surface node. The statistical results of the difference comparison show 95% of nodes falling within +/- 0.13 m, with a mean difference of -0.02 m (Figure 5). Additionally, at least 95% of the difference surface nodes met or exceeded TVU specifications, as described in section 5.1.3 of the HSSD. H13637 crossline to mainscheme difference statistics SupportFiles\Cossline_Stats_H13637.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 R/V Benthos 2.00 0.05 R/V Substantial 2.00 0.05 The finalized CUBE surfaces were analyzed using the HydrOffice QC Tools Grid QA tool to assure 95% of the surface nodes meet TVU specifications. The results of the Grid QA tool determined that the finalized CUBE surfaces met or exceeded the TVU specifications, as shown in Figures 6-8. Finalized 1 m CUBE surface TVU statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\TVU_Stats_H13637_1m_Final.png Finalized 2 m CUBE surface TVU statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\TVU_Stats_H13637_2m_Final.png Finalized 4 m CUBE surface TVU statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\TVU_Stats_H13637_4m_Final.png H13637 junctions with the 2021 NRT-New London MBES data, registry numbers H13526 and H13527, the 2018 NCCOS R/V Storm MBES data, registry number W00463, and H13640 (Figure 9). Data overlap between H13637 and the adjacent surveys were attained. To conduct the junction analyses, similar to section B.2.1 of this report, the Pydro Compare Grids tool was utilized. The inputs for this tool were the surfaces for each individual survey at matching resolutions. In addition to the statistical results of the junction analyses, the resultant difference surfaces were visually inspected and CARIS HIPS Subset Editor was used to examine overlapping data for consistency, agreement between surveys, and confirming data met TVU specifications. For the 2020 JALBTCX LiDAR junction analysis, the full extents of the survey were not available. Therefore, no junction analysis was conducted to that survey for H13637. Refer to the Project Correspondence and DR Appendix II Supplemental Records for further information regarding junctions with existing surveys. Overview of H13637 junction surveys SupportFiles\Junction_Overview_H13637_V4.png H13526 10000 2021 NRT-New London N The statistical results of the difference comparison show 95% of nodes falling within +/-0.17 m, with a mean difference of 0.02 m (Figure 10). Additionally, at least 95% of the difference surface nodes met or exceed TVU specifications, as described in section 5.1.3 of the HSSD. Junction analysis between H13637 and H13526 SupportFiles\Junction_Stats_H13637-H13526.png H13527 10000 2021 NRT-New London S The statistical results of the difference comparison show 95% of nodes falling within +/- 0.24 m, with a mean difference of 0.03 m (Figure 11). Additionally, at least 95% of the difference surface nodes met or exceed TVU specifications, as described in section 5.1.3 of the HSSD. Junction analysis between H13637 and H13527 SupportFiles\Junction_Stats_H13637-H13527.png W00463 40000 2018 NCCOS R/V Storm S The statistical results of the difference comparison show 95% of nodes falling within +/- 0.12 m, with a mean difference of -0.86 m (Figure 12). Additionally, only 3% of the difference surface nodes met or exceeded TVU specifications, as described in section 5.1.3 of the HSSD. The difference surface nodes that are greater than allowable TVU are displayed below (Figure 13). In this general area, H13637 also overlaps H13527. Results of that junction analysis (as described above) showed good agreement with >95% of the difference surface nodes met or exceeded TVU specifications. Junction analysis between H13637 and W00463 SupportFiles\Junction_Stats_H13637-W00463.png Fraction Allowable Difference surface between H13637 and W00463 SupportFiles\Junction_detailed_H13637-W00463.png H13640 40000 2022 Geodynamics E The statistical results of the difference comparison show 95% of nodes falling within +/- 0.22 m, with a mean difference of 0.00 m (Figure 14). Additionally, at least 95% of the difference surface nodes met or exceed TVU specifications, as described in section 5.1.3 of the HSSD. Junction analysis between H13637 and H13640 SupportFiles\Junction_Stats_H13637-H13640.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. None Exist There were no conditions or deficiencies that affected equipment operational effectiveness. Sound Speed The spatio-temporal variability in temperature of the water column created complex sound speed conditions throughout the survey. These complexities often created challenges for the field team and resulted in occasional refraction artifacts in the survey data and resultant surfaces, as shown in Figures 15 and 16. The hydrographer made considerable efforts to reduce the impact of sound speed issues during acquisition. These efforts included increasing the frequency of casts, closely monitoring real-time swath “smiling” or “frowning”, utilizing alerts for surface-to-profile sound speed deviation, observing the real-time standard deviation map display, and utilizing Sound Speed Manager to track spatial changes in surface sound speed along with profile location. Additional efforts in post-processing to minimize refraction artifacts included outer beam filtering, manual outer beam editing, and strategic application of sound speed profiles. In addition to the outer beam noise associated with refraction, the convex or concave trend in the across-track sonar data is most prevalent in the outer beams and is noticeable in the surface as a striped line to line artifact. H13637 surface artifacts as a result of refraction causing the soundings to trend concave/convex SupportFiles\Sound_Speed2_H13637.png H13637 surface artifacts as a result of refraction causing outer beam noise SupportFiles\Sound_Speed_noise_H13637.png Sound speed casts were acquired at least once every four hours. Casts were often conducted more frequently than this time interval because of the dynamic water properties in the survey area. Additionally, the R/V Substantial utilized an MVP onboard which allowed for a higher frequency of casts. Surface sound speed was compared in real-time to the sound speed profile. When the comparison differed by more than 2 m/s, a new sound speed profile was acquired. Additionally, QPS Qinsy and Kongsberg SIS provided a real-time visual assessment of data quality (standard deviation grids, bathymetric grids, swath views) aiding the hydrographer in determining when a new cast was required. For more detailed information on sound speed methods, refer to the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. Holidays All CUBE surfaces were analyzed using HydrOffice QC Tools Holiday Finder to determine if the surfaces contained holidays, as described in section 5.2.2.3 of the HSSD. The tool scanned the CUBE surfaces, identifying any holidays, and generated an S-57 file to illustrate the locations of holidays. All holidays identified were within NALL or outside of the sheet limits. Another method of holiday evaluation was to visually pan the CUBE surfaces to identify holidays. The hydrographer would often alter the surface display (color ranges, symbology, shading) to help aid the hydrographer in identifying coverage gaps. The results reflected the same outcome as the tool, all holidays were within NALL or outside of the sheet limits. Density The finalized CUBE surfaces were analyzed using HydrOffice QC Tools Grid QA tool to assure data met the required density specifications. Density requirements were achieved for the finalized surfaces in H13637 with 99.5% of the surface nodes (Figures 17-19) containing at least five or more soundings, exceeding the specifications required by section 5.2.2.3 of the HSSD. Finalized 1 m CUBE surface density statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\Density_Stats_H13637_1m_Final.png Finalized 2 m CUBE surface density statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\Density_Stats_H13637_2m_Final.png Finalized 4 m CUBE surface density statistics for H13637 SupportFiles\Density_Stats_H13637_4m_Final.png Flier Finder In addition to a visual inspection, the CUBE surfaces were analyzed using HydrOffice QC Tools Flier Finder tool to assure data does not contain fliers (anomalous data as defined by QC Tools flier finding algorithms #2-5). While the Flier Finder tool flags surface fliers meeting a set criteria, it will also flag real surface features that meet the same criteria. Spurious soundings flagged by Flier Finder were cleaned until either no fliers remained or the remaining flagged fliers were deemed valid aspects of the surface. All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. Raw backscatter data were collected and stored within the .ALL files. Backscatter data were processed and reviewed for quality assurance in QPS FMGT. In accordance with the PI Appendix 2, GSFs and backscatter mosaics were exported from FMGT. Hydrographers in the field monitored backscatter intensities in realtime and made efforts to collect quality backscatter without hindering bathymetric data quality. Refer to the DAPR for more information on backscatter data acquisition and processing procedures. H13637 backscatter SupportFiles\Backscatter_H13637.png CARIS HIPS and SIPS 11.4.4 QPS FMGT 7.10.1 NOAA Profile Version 2022 H13637_MB_1m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.8 20.0 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13637_MB_2m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 2 18.0 40.0 NOAA_2m Complete MBES H13637_MB_4m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 36.0 44.83 NOAA_4m Complete MBES H13637_MB_1m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 1.8 44.84 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13637_MB_2m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 2 2.51 44.79 NOAA_2m Complete MBES H13637_MB_4m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 2.55 44.83 NOAA_4m Complete MBES All surfaces submitted are in compliance with the complete coverage MBES requirements per section 5.2.2.3 of the HSSD. See Figure 21 below for an overview of the submitted finalized surface resolutions. Image representing the finalized CUBE surface resolutions in H13637 SupportFiles\Surface_Resolution_H13637_V4.png Designated Soundings H13637 contains three designated soundings in accordance with section 5.2.1.2.3 and 7.4 of the HSSD. These designated soundings were created to facilitate feature management and best represent the least depths of features in the Final Feature File (FFF). In the finalized CUBE surfaces, the CARIS HIPS Apply Designated Soundings function ensured designated sounding depths are retained in the finalized surfaces. Additional information discussing the vertical or horizontal control for this survey can be found in the accompanying HVCR. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM TO3_SEP_extents_new_100m_NAD83_2011-LWD_IGLD85_geoid18.csar Real-time positional data were corrected with G2+ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite corrections provided by the Fugro Marinestar Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS). To improve the accuracy of the real-time data, real-time position data were post-processed using Applanix POSPac Mobile Mapping Solution (MMS) software. Trimble CenterPoint RTX correction methods were used to create Smoothed Best Estimate of Trajectory (SBET) files, which were applied to the survey data in CARIS HIPS. The provided separation model was then utilized to bring the data from ellipsoid heights to chart datum. North American Datum 1983 (2011) Projected UTM 16 Real-time positional data were corrected with G2+ GNSS satellite corrections provided by the Fugro Marinestar SBAS. A comparison was performed in CARIS HIPS between H13637 and the ENCs listed in Table 14 of section D.1.1. Sounding layers were generated from the CUBE surface and overlaid onto the ENCs to visually assess differences between the surveyed and charted depths. In addition to a detailed visual inspection in CARIS HIPS, all soundings from the chart were downloaded as a shapefile from NOAA's ENC Direct to GIS application and differenced with the nearest surveyed depth from the 4 m surface in ESRI ArcPro. A statistical analysis of the difference comparison is shown in Figure 22. The surveyed depths from H13637 generally agree with the charted soundings from the largest scale ENCs within the survey area, with a mean difference of 0.46 m. Contour layers were generated from the CUBE surface and overlaid onto the ENCs to visually assess differences between the surveyed and charted contours. In H13637, the surveyed contours are in general agreement with the charted contours. H13637 statistical analysis of surveyed depths to charted depths SupportFiles\ENC_Soundings_Histogram_H13637.png US4WI34M 120000 14 2021-09-15 2022-05-18 No shoals or potentially hazardous features exist for this survey. All assigned charted features within H13637 are detailed in the FFF in accordance with section 7.3 of the HSSD. All new features found within H13637 are detailed in the FFF in accordance with section 7.3 of the HSSD. No channels exist for this survey. There are no designated anchorages, precautionary areas, safety fairways, traffic separation schemes, pilot boarding areas, or channel and range lines within the survey limits. All Aids to Navigation within H13637 are considered Type 3 and were reported through the Marine Chart Division's ASSIST reporting system in accordance with section 1.6.2.2 of the HSSD. See DR Appendix II Supplemental Records for related correspondence with the HSD Project Manager. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. Six bottom samples were acquired in accordance with section 7.2.3 of the HSSD and are described completely in the FFF. Backscatter data were used to modify bottom sample locations from what was originally assigned in the Project Reference File (PRF) and the related correspondence is documented in Appendix II Supplemental Records. No overhead features exist for this survey. No submarine features exist for this survey. No platforms exist for this survey. No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey. No abnormal seafloor or environmental conditions exist for this survey. No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. David J. Bernstein Chief of Party 2022-12-20 Data Acquisition and Processing Report 2022-12-18 Horizontal and Vertical Control Report 2022-12-18 Coast Pilot Report 2022-11-21