OPR-W386-TJ-22 Approaches to Cleveland Lake Erie NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson (S222) H13687 10 10 NM Northeast of Lorain Harbor Ohio United States 40000 2022 Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Navigable Area 2022-09-14 2022-09-17 2022-10-03 Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 17N, LWD-IGLD 1985. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Field Units) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced by NOAA and are in the public domain within the United States. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). NOAA Survey H13687, located approximately 10 NM Northeast of Lorain Harbor, Cleveland, OH, was conducted in accordance with coverage requirements set forth in the Project Instructions (PIs) OPR-W386-TJ-22. 41.63822222222222 82.28330555555556 41.57616666666667 81.84008333333333 Survey layout for H13687, plotted over ENC US4OH01M. Black outline represents the survey limits set forth by the Project Instructions. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/A.1_surveylimits.png Survey data were acquired in accordance with the PIs and the 2022 Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables (HSSD) (Figure 1). The Port of Cleveland is one of the largest ports in the Great Lakes and ranks within the top 50 ports in the United States. Roughly 13 million tons of cargo are transported through Cleveland Harbor each year supporting over 20,000 jobs and $3.5 billion in annual economic activity (1) . This project will provide modern bathymetric data for the Cleveland area as well as the vicinity of South Bass Island and Presque Isle. The project area was identified as a statistically significant hot spot within the 2018 Hydrographic Health model, a risk model that Coast Survey uses for evaluating priorities based upon navigational risks and the necessary quality of data to support modern traffic. Most of this area has not been surveyed since the 1940s, and experiences significant vessel traffic. A modern bathymetric survey in this area will identify hazards and changes to the seafloor, provide critical data for updating National Ocean Service (NOS) nautical charting products and improve maritime safety. Survey data from this project is intended to supersede all prior survey data in the common area. 1. https://www.portofcleveland.com/ The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. Data acquired in H13687 meet 100% multibeam echo sounder (MBES) coverage requirements for complete coverage, as specified in the 2022 HSSD. This includes crosslines (see Section B.2.1), NOAA allowable uncertainty (see Section B.2.2), and density requirements (see Section B.5.2). All waters in survey area Complete Coverage (Refer to HSSD Section 5.2.2.3) All waters in survey area Acquire backscatter data during all multibeam data acquisition (Refer to HSSD Section 6.2) Survey coverage is in accordance with requirements listed in Table 2 and the 2022 HSSD. Coverage requirements were met with 100% complete coverage MBES. There are three holidays present in the acquired MBES coverage. In Figure 2 below, Holiday 1, located at 41° 37' 21.22" N 082° 13' 44.27" W, was created as a result of rejecting data from a DriX-12 MBES data artifact (see Section B.2.5 for more information regarding the artifact). Holiday 2, located at 41° 35' 27.45" N 081° 59' 53.39" W, was created as a result of a sonar drop-out in MBES data from S222. Holiday 3, located at 41° 35' 12.54" N 081° 56' 45.81" W, is outside of the sheet limits and is covered by data acquired for sheet H13616. Additionally, gaps in coverage exist on the western sheet edge where acquired MBES coverage did not meet the assigned sheet limits (Figure 3). While there is no guarantee of the absence of significant features within the coverage gaps, the hydrographer does not believe any navigational hazards exist from shoals based on examination of surrounding bathymetry. Holidays in coverage acquired for H13687. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/A.4%20Holidays.png Gaps in coverage on western sheet edge where coverage did not reach the assigned sheet limits. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/A.4%20Coverage%20Gaps.png S222 0.0 1699.15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.41 0.0 DriX12 0.0 747.28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2540.84 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.41 0.0 3.8 0 0 0 0 51.58 2022-09-17 2022-09-18 2022-09-19 2022-09-20 2022-09-21 2022-09-22 2022-09-23 2022-09-24 2022-09-25 2022-09-26 2022-09-27 2022-10-03 Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR are discussed in the following sections. S222 63.4 4.6 DriX-12 7.7 2.0 NOAA Ship Thomas Jefferson S222 file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.1%20S222.jpg Autonomous Survey Vehicle DriX-12 file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.1%20drix.jpg Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 MBES Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 MBES Backscatter Kongsberg Maritime EM 2040 Sound Speed System Valeport Thru-Hull SVS Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic MVP200 Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic MVP-X Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor Valeport SWiFT SVP Sound Speed System Valeport MiniSVS Positioning and Attitude System iXblue Unknown Refer to the DAPR for a complete description of systems and equipment used by S222 and DriX-12. S222 collected 94.4 linear nautical miles of MBES crosslines, or 3.8% of mainscheme MBES data. The crosslines acquired represent good spatial and depth diversity for the survey area (Figure 6). A 1m single resolution (SR) Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry Estimator (CUBE) surface of mainscheme data and a 1m SR CUBE surface of crossline data were differenced. The resulting mean was 0.05 m with a standard deviation of 0.06 m (Figure 7). While the fraction of allowable error varies more than expected due to features in crosslines, over 99.5% of nodes are compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 8). Visual inspection of the difference surface indicated no systematic issues. H13687 crossline fractional allowable error shown in color, overlaid onto survey data shown in greyscale. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.1_crossline_comparison.png H13687 crossline and mainscheme comparison file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.1_H13687_MB_VR_LWD_XL-H13687_MB_VR_LWD_MS_depth_delta.png H13687 fractional allowable error node distribution file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.1_H13687_MB_VR_LWD_XL-H13687_MB_VR_LWD_MS_fracAllowErr_Freq.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 S222 N/A 4 N/A 0.2 DriX-12 4 N/A N/A 0.2 The bathymetric surface's uncertainty layer is compliant with 2022 HSSD uncertainty standards. Over 99.5% of all nodes pass uncertainty standards (Figure 9). While the overall uncertainty layer is compliant with 2022 HSSD specifications, there is a partial line acquired by DriX-12 that exceeds maximum allowable uncertainty (Figure 10). While the exact cause of the increased uncertainty is unknown, the hydrographer suspects the source to be related to the vertical uncertainty of the SBET applied to the line. However, soundings associated with this section of the line are in close agreement with overlapping data from S222 (Figure 11) and no significant features or shoals exist in the area. H13687 uncertainty standards. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.2%20Uncertainty.png DriX-12 line showing increased uncertainty values of up to 1m. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2%20Drix%20Uncertainty%20line.png Caris Subset Editor 2D view of DriX-12 soundings (yellow) with overlapping S222 soundings (red) showing good agreement in area of increased uncertainty. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2%20Drix%20Uncertainty%202D%20View.png Survey H13687 junctions with contemporary surveys H13616, H13617 and H13682 within the OPR-W386-TJ-22 project (Figure 12). Information regarding junction analyses can be found below. Overview of contemporary surveys which junction with H13687. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20Junction%20Overview.png H13616 5000 2022 Thomas Jefferson SE The southern edge of H13687 junctions with sheet H13616 (Figure 13). A 1m SR CUBE surface of H13687 data and a VR CUBE surface of H13616 were differenced. The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.05m with a standard deviation of 0.05m (Figure 14) and 100% of compared grid nodes were compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 15). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13687 and H13616 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13687 and H13616. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13616%20Junction%20Overview.png H13687 and H13616 surface difference comparison statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13616%20Junction%20Dif%20Stats.png H13687 and H13616 fraction of allowable error statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13616%20Junction%20Frac%20Error.png H13617 5000 2022 Thomas Jefferson S The southern edge of H13687 junctions with sheet H13617 (Figure 16). A 1m SR CUBE surface of H13687 data and a 1m SR CUBE surface of H13617 were differenced. The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.07m with a standard deviation of 0.04m (Figure 17) and and 100% of compared grid nodes were compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 18). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13687 and H13617 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13687 and H13617. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13617%20Junction%20Overview.png H13687 and H13617 surface difference comparison statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13617%20Junction%20Dif%20Stats.png H13687 and H13617 fraction of allowable error statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13617%20Junction%20Frac%20Error.png H13682 10000 2022 Thomas Jefferson E The eastern edge of H13687 junctions with sheet H13682 (Figure 19). A 1m SR CUBE surface of H13687 data and a VR CUBE surface of H13682 were differenced. The mean difference between bathymetric surface nodes was 0.11m with a standard deviation of 0.08m (Figure 20) and 100% of compared grid nodes were compliant with fraction of allowable error standards (Figure 21). Statistics and visual inspection indicate that surveys H13687 and H13682 are in general agreement. Fraction of allowable error surface difference comparison in color between H13687 and H13682. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13682%20Junction%20Overview.png H13687 and H13682 surface difference comparison statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13682%20Junction%20Dif%20Stats.png H13687 and H13682 fraction of allowable error statistics. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.3%20H13682%20Junction%20Frac%20Error.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. Artifact observed in DriX-12 Data During post-acquisition data processing and review, an artifact was observed in data acquired by DriX-12 that occurred in numerous locations throughout the survey area (Figure 22). The cause of this artifact is unknown and efforts were made to reject affected sounding from being included in the delivered surfaces which resulted in one of the holidays discussed in section A.4. Caris Subset Editor 2D view of one example of DriX-12 data artifact. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.5%20Drix%20Bowtie%20artifact.png None Exist There were no other factors that affected corrections to soundings. Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) casts were conducted at the start of acquisition each day and at a minimum of once every four hours during acquisition using an MVP 200 system and a Valeport SWiFT CTD. Cast frequency was increased in areas where a change in surface sound speed greater than two meters per second was observed. MVP casts on S222 were conducted at an average interval of 45 minutes, guided by observation of the surface sound speed and targeted to deeper areas. All sound speed methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. A total of 183 sound speed profiles were collected as part of acquisition of H13682 and display good spacial diversity (Figure 23). Three of these casts were located outside of the sheet limits and display profiles representative of the area. One cast was taken 780m outside of the assigned survey limits, but the profile displays typical conditions for the area and has been retained for processing. All sound speed profile data were concatenated into a master file for the sheet. MBES data were corrected by applying profiles nearest in distance in time (4 hours) using this master file. Overview of all sound velocity casts collected on H13687. Cast locations shown as yellow targets overlaid on MBES data. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.2.7%20SVP%20Cast%20locations.png Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section 5.2.2.3 of the 2022 HSSD. Autonomous survey vehicle DriX-12 was outfitted with a Kongsberg EM2040 MBES system and was primarily used to acquire 100% complete coverage MBES. Vessel S222 was outfitted with a Kongsberg EM2040 MBES system and was primarily used to acquire 100% complete coverage MBES, crosslines, developments, and holidays. All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. Raw MBES backscatter was logged as part of the .all file from the Kongsberg EM2040 systems. Backscatter was processed in QPS Fledermaus GeoCoder Toolbox (FMGT) software, and the exported geotiffs are included in the final processed data submission package (Figures 24 and 25). There is one holiday present in the backscatter mosaic from vessel S222. The holiday is located at 41° 35' 27.45" N 081° 59' 53.39" W and coincides with an MBES sonar dropout (see Holiday 2 in Figure 2). 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by S-222. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.4%20S222%20Backscatter.png 300kHz backscatter mosaic from data acquired by DriX. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.4%20Drix%20Backscatter.png NOAA Profile Version 2022 Feature Object Catalog NOAA Profile Version 2022 was used for all S-57 attribution in the Final Feature File (FFF). All other software were used as detailed in the DAPR. H13687_MB_1m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 10.45 19.46 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13687_MB_1m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 10.28 19.46 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13687_MBAB_2m_S222_300kHz_1of2 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES H13687_MBAB_2m_DriX_300kHz_2of2 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Complete MBES Complete coverage requirements were met by 100% complete coverage MBES as specified under section 5.2.2.2 of the 2022 HSSD. All bathymetric grids for H13687 meet density requirements per the 2022 HSSD (Figure 26). There are three holidays present in the coverage acquired for H13687. Reference Section A.4 for more information. After multiple rounds of surface cleaning, eight fliers remain as detected by NOAA's QCTools Flier Finder available in the Pydro 19+ suite. The hydrographer reviewed the flagged grid nodes, considers them to be accurate representations of the lake bed, and has retained them in the final delivered surfaces. H13687 data density standards. file:///Q:/OPR-W386-TJ-22/Surveys/H13687/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/B.5%20Density.png No Horizontal and Vertical Control Report (HVCR) is required for this survey. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM OPR-W386-TJ-22_NAD83_2011_VDatum_LWD_IGLD85 All soundings submitted for H13687 are reduced to LWD IGLD-85 using VDatum techniques as outlined in the DAPR. North American Datum 1983 Projected UTM 17 GrafNav PPP service was used with a dual frequency Septentrio GNSS system to obtain highly accurate ellipsoidally referenced position data to meet ERS specifications for H13687 MBES data collected by DriX-12. Trimble-RTX service was used with an Applanix POS MVv5 GNSS_INS system to obtain highly accurate ellipsoidally referenced position data to meet ERS specifications for H13687 MBES data from vessel S222. The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) was used for real-time horizontal control during data acquisition on vessels S222 and DriX-12. US4OH01M 180000 17 2022-03-31 2022-07-27 Surveyed soundings and contours were compared against previously charted data on ENC US4OH01M. Depth values were found to be in general agreement with previously charted soundings. No danger to navigation reports were submitted for this survey and all data acquired on H13687 are recommended to supersede prior data. No charted features exist for this survey. Five new features were discovered and investigated during acquisition on H13687. Reference the Final Feature File included in the final delivery package for more information. No channels exist for this survey. There are no designated anchorages, precautionary areas, safety fairways, traffic separation schemes, pilot boarding areas, or channel and range lines within the survey limits. No Aids to navigation (ATONs) exist for this survey. No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. No bottom samples were required for this survey. No overhead features exist for this survey. No submarine features exist for this survey. No platforms exist for this survey. No ferry routes or terminals exist for this survey. No abnormal seafloor or environmental conditions exist for this survey. No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. Matthew J. Jaskoski, CDR/NOAA Commanding Officer 2023-03-03 Sydney M. Catoire, LT/NOAA Field Operations Officer 2023-03-03 Erin K. Cziraki Chief Survey Technician 2023-03-03