OPR-Y398-KR-23 Southwestern Lake Michigan, WI/IL Southwestern Lake Michigan Ocean Surveys H13808 1 3 NM East of Milwaukee Pierhead Light Wisconsin United States 5000 2023 John R. Bean Navigable Area 2023-07-07 2023-07-24 2023-08-24 Multibeam Echo Sounder Multibeam Echo Sounder Backscatter meters UTC Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Any revisions to the Descriptive Report (DR) applied during office processing are shown in red italic text. The DR is maintained as a field unit product, therefore all information and recommendations within this report are considered preliminary unless otherwise noted. The final disposition of survey data is represented in the NOAA nautical chart products. All pertinent records for this survey are archived at the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and can be retrieved via https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/. Products created during office processing were generated in NAD83 UTM 16N, Low Water Datum IGLD-1985. All references to other horizontal or vertical datums in this report are applicable to the processed hydrographic data provided by the field unit. CC0-1.0 (NOAA Contractors) CC0-1.0 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode These data were produced under contract with NOAA and any potential copyright was assigned to NOAA. NOAA waives any potential copyright and related rights in these data worldwide through the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication (CC0). Contractor This survey provides hydrographic data for waters in southwestern Lake Michigan. The general locations of the survey limits are presented in Table 1. 43.174958999999994 87.89598500000001 42.921378999999995 87.769745 Survey limits were acquired in accordance with the requirements in the Project Instructions and the HSSD. This project is located in Southwestern Lake Michigan and extends from northern Milwaukee to the suburbs of northern Chicago. The Port of Milwaukee is the only port on Lake Michigan that serves the Mississippi inland riverway system, which generates over $1M in revenue for the local economy (1). The region experiences high recreational, commercial, and tourism traffic, including cruise ships and ferries. The majority of existing chart data in this survey area predates the 1950s, while the Milwaukee region was last surveyed in the 1970s. Conducting a modern bathymetric survey in this region will provide critical data for updating National Ocean Service (NOS) charting products and services, thus increasing maritime safety for the southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois shorelines. (1) https://www.freightwaves.com/news/freightwaves-classics-port-of-milwaukee-serves-thegreat-lakes-and-us-inland-waterway-system The entire survey is adequate to supersede previous data. All waters in survey area Complete Coverage (HSSD 5.2.2.3) UCF-designated anchorage areas Object Detection Coverage (HSSD 5.2.2.2) Survey coverage was in accordance with the requirements listed above and in the HSSD. Project OPR-Y398-KR-23 coverage with H13808 highlighted. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-Overview.jpg MV Northstar Challenger 0.0 925.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 RV North Cove 0.0 644.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.9 0.0 RV South Cove 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1569.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.9 0.0 4.5 5 0 0 0 48.9 2023-07-24 2023-07-25 2023-07-26 2023-07-27 2023-07-28 2023-07-31 2023-08-01 2023-08-02 2023-08-03 2023-08-04 2023-08-05 2023-08-07 2023-08-08 2023-08-09 2023-08-10 2023-08-11 2023-08-12 2020-08-13 2023-08-16 2023-08-17 2023-08-18 2023-08-19 2023-08-20 2023-08-24 Refer to the Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) for a complete description of data acquisition and processing systems, survey vessels, quality control procedures, and data processing methods. Additional information to supplement sounding and survey data, and any deviations from the DAPR, are discussed in the following sections. MV Northstar Challenger 28.0 2.6 RV North Cove 11.1 0.8 RV South Cove 9.4 0.8 MV Northstar Challenger configured for survey operations. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/CH-overview.jpg RV North Cove configured for survey operations. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/NC-overview.png RV South Cove configured for survey operations. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/SC-overview.jpg MBES Teledyne RESON SeaBat T50-R Positioning and Attitude System Applanix POS MV 320 v5 Positioning System Trimble NetR9 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic AML-3 LGR Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic MVP30-350 Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth Sensor AML Oceanographic MVP30 Sound Speed System AML Oceanographic Micro SV-Xchange Crossline mileage in H13808 totaled 4.5% of the mainscheme survey miles. Agreement between crosslines and mainscheme bathymetry was very good, with a mean difference of 0.02m in the 2m resolution surface. Crossline tracks overlaid on a coverage surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-XL.jpg Depth differences between mainscheme and crossline data. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-Main_MB_2m-H13808-XL_MB_2m_depth_delta.png ERS via VDATUM 0.0 0.045 MV Northstar Challenger 4 1 RV North Cove 4 4 1 RV South Cove 4 1 The HydrOffice "QC Tools" application was used to calculate TVU QC, determined by a ratio of uncertainty to the allowable error per NOAA and IHO specifications. A set of single resolution surfaces were finalized in CARIS HIPS using the "uncertainty" option to select the combination of a priori and realtime uncertainty estimates as the surface TVU source. The surfaces passed the uncertainty check, with 99.5+% or 100% of nodes meeting the uncertainty standards. Uncertainty standards, 50cm resolution object detection coverage. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_50cm_LWD_Final.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Uncertainty standards, 1m resolution complete coverage (1 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_1of2.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Uncertainty standards, 1m resolution object detection coverage (2 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_2of2.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Uncertainty standards, 2m resolution complete coverage. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_2m_LWD_Final.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Uncertainty standards, 4m resolution complete coverage (1 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_1of2.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Uncertainty standards, 4m resolution object detection coverage (2 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_2of2.GQv6.tvu_qc.png Survey H13808 junctions with contemporary surveys along its eastern and southern borders, and with prior surveys along its northern border. The inshore investigations and western border also junction with a prior topobathy lidar dataset. A small overlap at the southeast corner with contemporary survey H13812 is not addressed. H13808 junction map with junction area depth differences. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-Junction.jpg USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar 1 2020 JALBTCX W OSI received a preliminary digital elevation model of a recent topobathy lidar dataset that was undergoing review at the time of the PI, and which has since been published. According to the dataset quality notes, acquisition was focused on a swath of shoreline approximately 1500m wide, extending 500m onshore and 1000m offshore (or to laser extinction). Nearly all of the inshore investigations and the western border of H13808 are within the lidar coverage, with only a small gap at the southern end of the survey. The total area of overlap was approximately 6.9 sq km. Agreement between the two surveys was best in areas of flat, featureless bathymetry. Features, rocks, and bottom texture showed greater depth discrepancies. The mean difference was 0.16m, and 99.5+% of comparison nodes were within the allowable error fraction. Depth differences between H13808 and bathymetric lidar data. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD-Lake_MI_NAD83_2011_UTM16N_IGLD85_LWD_m_Mosaic_depth_delta.png H13635 5000 2022 Geodynamics N The junction with prior survey H13635 covers most of the northern border of H13808, with an overlap area that is approximately 4.1km long and 200-300m wide. Water depths in the junction area range from 10m to 52m. Bathymetry data for H13635 were available as 3 separate single-resolution grids covering different depth ranges. Comparisons were made for each grid of H13635 to the corresponding single-resolution surface of H13808. Data for H13808 were not filtered by depth for this comparison to ensure complete coverage of the junction area. Agreement between the two surveys was good, with mean differences of 0.09m, 0.04m and 0.12m in the 1m, 2m, and 4m surface comparison areas, respectively. Discrepancies were greatest at the edges of tracklines and in the deeper waters covered by the 4m resolution bathymetry grid. Depth differences between H13808 and H13635, 1m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD-H13635_MB_1m_LWD_1of3_depth_delta.png Depth differences between H13808 and H13635, 2m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_2m_LWD-H13635_MB_2m_LWD_2of3_depth_delta.png Depth differences between H13808 and H13635, 4m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD-H13635_MB_4m_LWD_3of3_depth_delta.png H13641 40000 2022 Geodynamics N At the time of the project instructions, the adjacent prior survey H13641 was not yet published to NCEI. Two bathymetry grids were provided to OSI for this comparison; a 4m resolution grid covering water depths from 36m to 80m and an 8m resolution with water depths from 72m to 128m. Only the 4m grid junctions with H13808, in an area approximately 1.5km long and 200-400m wide at the northeast corner of H13808. Agreement between the two surveys was very good, with a mean difference of 0.03m. Depth differences between H13808 and H13641, 4m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD-H13641_MB_4m_LWD_1of2_depth_delta.png H13809 5000 2023 OSI S The junction with contemporary survey H13809 runs the length of the southern border of H13808. The overlap area is approximately 5.1km long and 200-350m wide. Water depths range from 10m to 20m, with the deepest water at the eastern end. Agreement between the two surveys was very good, with a mean difference of 0.00m. Depth differences between H13808 and H13809, 1m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD-H13809_MB_1m_LWD_depth_delta.png H13813 40000 2023 OSI E The junction with contemporary survey H13813 runs the length of the eastern border of survey H13808. The overlap area is approximately 27.6km long and 200-400m wide. Water depths range from 20m to 60m, with the deepest water at the northern end. Agreement between the two surveys was very good, with a mean difference of 0.02m. Discrepancies were noted on a feature that was investigated in H13808 and only partially observed in the data for H13813. Depth differences between H13808 and H13813, 2m resolution surface. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_2m_LWD-H13813_MB_2m_LWD_depth_delta.png Sonar system quality control checks were conducted as detailed in the quality control section of the DAPR. None Exist There were no conditions or deficiencies that affected equipment operational effectiveness. Sound Speed Variation Sound speed variations were observed throughout the survey area, correlating to factors including the weather, water depth, and bathymetric features, such as slopes or sand waves. In data processing, sound speed profiles that did not adequately reflect the surrounding water mass were identified and removed, edited, or replaced. Sound speed casts were primarily applied using the CARIS HIPS "Nearest in Distance within Time" method, therefore, removing a profile collected on a steep slope would allow deeper and shoaler casts on either side to be applied instead. Casts that were empirically found to represent a large water zone were duplicated at additional locations within that zone to ensure proper corrections given the cast selection options available in the CARIS sound speed tools. Bathymetry, uncertainty, and standard deviation surfaces were used to direct editing and determine the accuracy of sound speed cast selection. MVP casts were taken approximately every 10-20 minutes by MV Northstar Challenger and every 15-20 minutes by RV North Cove. AML-3 casts were taken at intervals of approximately 30 to 90 minutes by RV North Cove and RV South Cove. MV Northstar Challenger used MVP casts exclusively and RV South Cove used only AML-3. RV North Cove made use of both systems on different survey days. Hydrographers acquired more frequent sound speed profiles if high variability was noted in the surface sound speed from the AML Micro-X installed on the head of the transducer, or when the surface sound speed comparison threshold was exceeded (>2m/s change) between the profile reading at the draft of the transducer and the Micro-X. OSI submitted a data package titled "SOUND VELOCITY collected from MV Northstar Challenger, RV North Cove, and RV South Cove in southwestern Lake Michigan from 2023-07-15 to 2023-10-05" in NetCDF format to the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) on March 7, 2024. H13808 sound speed cast locations. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-SVP.jpg The majority of this survey was conducted to achieve Complete Coverage with multibeam, as specified in HSSD 5.2.2.3, Option A. This calls for 100% bathymetric bottom coverage with multibeam sonars, and complete coverage multibeam developments of features. Certain areas within the survey were assigned Object Detection Coverage instead, which was achieved using Object Detection Multibeam Coverage (HSSD 5.2.2.2, Option A). The survey methods used to meet coverage requirements did not deviate from those described in the DAPR. The HydrOffice "QC Tools" application was used to verify that the grid nodes met the density coverage requirements, with at least 99% of the nodes in each single-resolution surface meeting the requirement. Data density, 50cm resolution object detection coverage. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_50cm_LWD_Final.GQv6.density.png Data density, 1m resolution complete coverage (1 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_1of2.GQv6.density.png Data density, 1m resolution object detection coverage (2 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_2of2.GQv6.density.png Data density, 2m resolution complete coverage. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_2m_LWD_Final.GQv6.density.png Data density, 4m resolution complete coverage (1 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_1of2.GQv6.density.png Data density, 4m resolution object detection coverage (2 of 2). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_2of2.GQv6.density.png All data reduction procedures conform to those detailed in the DAPR. All sounding systems were calibrated as detailed in the DAPR. All equipment and survey methods were used as detailed in the DAPR. H13808 backscatter mosaic. file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/H13808-Backscatter.jpg NOAA Profile Version 2023 H13808_MB_50cm_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 0.5 -1.45 14.36 NOAA_0.5m Object Detection H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_1of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 0.19 20.0 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13808_MB_1m_LWD_Final_2of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 35.65 40.0 NOAA_1m Object Detection H13808_MB_2m_LWD_Final CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 2 18.0 40.0 NOAA_2m Complete MBES H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_1of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 36.0 61.77 NOAA_4m Complete MBES H13808_MB_4m_LWD_Final_2of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 36.0 45.8 NOAA_4m Object Detection H13808_MB_50cm_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 0.5 -1.45 14.36 NOAA_0.5m Object Detection H13808_MB_1m_LWD_1of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 0.19 61.82 NOAA_1m Complete MBES H13808_MB_1m_LWD_2of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 1 35.65 45.82 NOAA_1m Object Detection H13808_MB_2m_LWD CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 2 0.77 61.8 NOAA_2m Complete MBES H13808_MB_4m_LWD_1of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 0.95 61.77 NOAA_4m Complete MBES H13808_MB_4m_LWD_2of2 CARIS Raster Surface (CUBE) 4 35.83 45.8 NOAA_4m Object Detection H13808_MBAB_2m_400kHZ_1of1 MB Backscatter Mosaic 2 N/A Processed Backscatter Additional information discussing the vertical or horizontal control for this survey can be found in the accompanying HVCR. Low Water Datum IGLD-1985 ERS via VDATUM Vdatum_Coverage_100m_NAD83_2011-LWD_IGLD85_geoid18.csar North American Datum 1983 (2011) Projected UTM 16 Smart Base BURLINGTON BURL KARA CO 2 COOP KAR2 KENOSHA KEHA BENTON HARBOR MIBH GRAND HAVEN MIGH MUSKEGON HEIGHTS MIMK SOUTH HAVEN MISH PORT WASHINGTON POWA BROOKFIELD RASN SEILER FRWI 2 SIW2 WEST BEND WEBE WEST BEND WIWB Ocean Surveys Kenosha OSKE CORS stations for this project were drawn from both the NOAA CORS Network, managed by NOAA/National Geodetic Survey, and the WISCORS Network, managed by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. See the HVCR for discussion and a map of stations labeled by network. US4WI1DP 90000 1 2023-12-21 2024-01-08 US5WI30M 10000 20 2022-06-08 2024-01-08 There were 3 DTON reports submitted for H13808. They included 1 rock, 1 rocky mound next to a deeper charted obstruction, and 1 uncharted crib structure with a tall post nearby. See the FFF for details. There were 18 obstructions, 7 rocks, 6 wrecks, and 1 mooring buoy assigned as charted features in H13808. The obstructions included 8 snag/stump features in 2 rows in Whitefish Bay, none of which were found at the charted positions, but 10 new obstructions were surveyed within the search areas. Object detection coverage was assigned for 4 unverified charted features: 3 wrecks and 1 rock. The wrecks were all disproved and the rock was found to be part of a breakwater. See the FFF for details. New features surveyed in H13808 included 14 wrecks, all of which were larger than 1mm at survey scale and submitted as area features. There were also 18 new obstructions, 10 of which were found together in Whitefish Bay near charted snag/stump obstructions. The remaining new obstructions were mostly large enough to merit submission as area features. See the FFF for details. A channel was assigned for H13808 but not investigated due to being inshore of NALL. The dredge area features are not included in the FFF as per the investigation requirements. There were 28 ATONS charted in or near the boundaries of survey H13808. The field crews observed 23 of these ATONS, and 5 were not seen. All 5 of the missing ATONS are seasonal, with the status attribute "periodic/intermittent", and so were not reported to the U.S. Coast Guard. Uncharted ATONS were seen marking the positions of wrecks (5 wrecks marked with 1 or 2 buoys each) and photos were included in the FFF. Example of buoys marking a charted wreck (Prins Willem V). file:///B:/OPR-Y398-KR-23/Surveys/H13808/01_HDR/Reports/Descriptive_Report/SupportFiles/808-022-surface-buoy-photo.jpg No Maritime Boundary Points were assigned for this survey. There were 5 bottom samples assigned in H13808, all of which were at locations without previously-charted bottom types. Most samples included brown sand and shells, with some areas containing clay or silt. See the FFF for details. No overhead features exist for this survey. There were 8 pipelines charted within H13808. All of the charted pipelines had some visible indication of presence relatively near their charted positions in the survey data, including linear mounds, crib structures, or trenches. Only 3 of the pipelines were found to have exposed segments, and no pipelines were found very far away from a charted pipeline position. Exposed pipeline segments are documented in the Non-DTON Pipeline Report. No platforms exist for this survey. A charted ferry route exists for this survey. The ferry was observed by the field team, but was not investigated further. No abnormal seafloor or environmental conditions exist for this survey. No present or planned construction or dredging exist within the survey limits. No new surveys or further investigations are recommended for this area. No new ENC scales are recommended for this area. As Chief of Party, field operations for this hydrographic survey were conducted under my direct supervision, with frequent personal checks of progress and adequacy. I have reviewed the attached survey data and reports. All field sheets, this Descriptive Report, and all accompanying records and data are approved. All records are forwarded for final review and processing to the Processing Branch. The survey data meets or exceeds requirements as set forth in the NOS Hydrographic Surveys Specifications and Deliverables, Field Procedures Manual, Letter Instructions, and all HSD Technical Directives. These data are adequate to supersede charted data in their common areas. This survey is complete and no additional work is required with the exception of deficiencies noted in the Descriptive Report. John R. Bean Chief of Party 2024-04-04 David T. Somers Data Processing Manager 2024-04-04